In a nuclear power reactor of the type used to generate electricity, a neutron bombards a
uranium nucleus, causing it to split into two large pieces (fission fragments) plus two or
three neutrons. Energy is released in this process in the form of electromagnetic
radiation and kinetic energy. Which of the following is an accurate statement
concerning what happens in such a fission process?
A) The electrical energy generated comes from the kinetic energy of the incident
neutrons.
B) The electrical energy generated comes from chemical energy stored in the electron
bonds of the uranium atom.
C) Electrical energy is generated because the fission fragments are electrically charged,
whereas the uranium was electrically neutral.
D) An intermediate step involves the fusion of protons to form helium nuclei, and
energy is released in this process.
E) The total mass of the particles after fission is less than the total mass of the particles
(uranium nucleus plus one neutron) before fission, and this decrease in mass Δm is
converted into energy E, where E = Δmc2.
If the acceleration vector of an object is directed anti-parallel to the velocity vector, then
A) the object is speeding up.
B) the object is slowing down.
C) the object is turning.
D) the object is at rest.
E) this situation would not be physically possible.
How does the escape speed from Mars compare with that of the Earth?
[ MEarth=9.31 M∗Mars; REarth=1.88 R∗Mars]
A) 222.%
B) 22.5%
C) 44.9%
D) 66.2%
E) 20.2%
When two or more resistors are connected in parallel to a battery
A) the voltage across each resistor is the same.
B) the total current flowing from the battery equals the sum of the currents flowing
through each resistor.
C) the equivalent resistance of the combination is less than the resistance of any one of
the resistors.
D) all of the other choices are true.
An 8.0 kg-m2 wheel with 155. Joules of rotational kinetic energy requires what torque
to bring it to rest in 4.0 s?
A) -1.6 N-m
B) -1.2 N-m
C) +0.88 N-m
D) -1.8 N-m
E) -1.0 N-m
Refer to Fig. 5-3. If the radius of the loop is R, what vertical height does the ball rise to,
on the other side, neglecting friction?
A) R
B) 2R
C) less than R
D) greater than 2R
Refer to Fig. 5-8. If the roller coaster leaves point Q from rest, what is its speed at point
S (at the top of the 25. m peak) compared to its speed at point R?
A) zero
B) 1/
C)
D) 2
E) 4
The minimum current that will usually kill the average person is
A) 10. A.
B) 0.1 A.
C) 1. A.
D) 0.01 A.
E) 0.1 mA.
What are the mass number and the atomic number for each of the following:
(a) proton?
(b) neutron?
(c) alpha particle?
Consider a diffraction grating with 7000. lines/cm with a screen 2.50 m away and 440.
nm wavelength light.
(a) How many side maxima would be observed on one side of the central maximum?
(b) What is the linear distance between the 1st and 2nd maxima?
How many times more intense is an 80. db sound than a 60. db sound?
A) 10
B) 20
C) 2.0
D) 1.33
E) 100
Compare two vibrating strings, each has the same tension, but the second has four times
the mass density of the first. The wave speed along the 2nd string is how many times
the speed along the 1st?
A) 1/4
B) 1/2
C) 4
D) 2
E)
Which of the following is not believed to be composed of quarks?
A) alpha particle
B) beta particle
C) proton
D) neutron
E) pion
A sample of an ideal gas is heated and its Kelvin temperature doubles. What happens to
the average speed of the molecules in the sample?
A) It does not change.
B) It halves.
C) It doubles.
D) it is times as large.
E) it is 1/ times smaller.
An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its volume is half the initial volume, and
then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is
done while holding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is
U, the final internal energy of the gas will be
A) U.
B) 2U.
C) U/2.
D) U/3.
E) U/4.
A 1.0-C charge is 15 m from a second charge, and the force between them is 1.0 N.
What is the magnitude of the second charge?
A) 25 C
B) 1.0 C
C) 10 nC
D) 0.025 C
E) 25 nC
An equipotential surface must be
A) parallel to the electric field at any point.
B) perpendicular to the electric field at any point.
C) randomly oriented with respect to the electric field.
D) equal to the electric field at any point.
What speed dilates 1.000 second into 70.71 seconds?
A) 0.9999c
B) 0.9666c
C) 0.9888c
D) 0.9777c
E) 0.8777c
FIGURE 15-1
As shown in Fig. 15-1, a point charge of +Q is placed at the centroid of an equilateral
triangle. When a second charge of +Q is placed at one of the triangle’s vertices, an
electrostatic force of 4.0 N acts on it. What is the magnitude of the force that acts on the
center charge due to a third charge of +Q placed at one of the other vertices?
A) zero
B) 2.0 N
C) 4.0 N
D) 8.0 N
E) 16 N
Electromagnetic radiation of wavelength 2.5 cm is which type?
A) microwaves
B) AM-radio
C) visible
D) FM-radio
E) ultraviolet
What is the binding energy of the 4He nucleus?
A) 14.15 MeV
B) 28.3 MeV
C) 7.80 MeV
D) 10.77 MeV
E) 20.36 MeV
Spherical aberration can occur in
A) mirrors and lenses.
B) mirrors but not lenses.
C) lenses but not mirrors.
An index of refraction less than one for a medium would imply that
A) that the speed of light in the medium is the same as the speed of light in vacuum.
B) that the speed of light in the medium is greater than the speed of light in vacuum.
C) that the speed of light in the medium is less than the speed of light in vacuum.
D) refraction is not possible.
E) reflection is not possible.
An automobile initially moving 72. km/hr jams the brakes and skids to a stop in a
distance of 24. meters on a dry pavement but stops in 81.6 m for a wet pavement (the
auto weighs 2211. lbs, neglect reaction delay).
(a) What is the coefficient of friction for dry weather?
(b) What is the coefficient in wet weather conditions?
(c) Is this the STATIC or the KINETIC coefficient?
The half angle of the conical shock wave produced by a supersonic aircraft is 60. What
is the Mach number of the aircraft?
A) 2.0
B) 0.87
C) 1.73
D) 1.15
E)
What size capacitor must be placed in series with a 30. Ω resistor and a 40. mH coil if
the resonant frequency of the circuit is to be 1000. Hz?
A) 2.0 μF
B) 0.63 μF
C) 3.3 μF
D) 6.0 μF
E) 4.5 μF
An object is placed 50 cm in front of a concave mirror with a focal length of 25 cm.
What is the magnification?
A) -0.50
B) -1.0
C) -1.5
D) -2.0
E) -2.5
A certain part of the electromagnetic spectrum ranges from 200 nm to 400 nm. What is
the lowest frequency associated with this portion of the spectrum?
A) 1.50 x 1014 Hz
B) 7.50 x 1013 Hz
C) 7.50 x 1014 Hz
D) 7.50 x 1015 Hz
E) 1.50 x 1015 Hz
Simple Harmonic Motion is characterized by
A) constant acceleration.
B) acceleration proportional to the acceleration of gravity.
C) acceleration proportional to displacement.
D) acceleration proportional to velocity.
E) acceleration inversely proportional to velocity.
A lightbulb is plugged into a household outlet, and one of the wires leading to it is
wound into a coil. Now a slug of iron is slid into the coil. What effect will this have?
A) The lamp will dim because energy will now be dissipated in the iron.
B) The lamp will get brighter because there will be an induced emf that will drive more
current through the lamp.
C) The lamp will dim because a back emf will be produced by the coil, and this will
reduce the current flowing in the coil and the lamp.
D) This will have no effect on the brightness of the lamp.
E) This will not affect the lamp’s brightness because the coil will shift the phase, but not
the magnitude, of the current through the lamp.
Satellite A has twice the mass of satellite T, and rotates in the same orbit. Which of the
following is true?
A) The speed of T is twice the speed of A.
B) The speed of T is one-fourth the speed of A.
C) The speed of T is half the speed of A.
D) The speed of T is three-fourths the speed of A.
E) The speed of T is equal to the speed of A.
Vector = 4.00 m points eastward and vector = 3.00 m points southward. The
resultant vector + is given by
A) 5.00 m at an angle 36.9 south of east.
B) 5.00 m at an angle 53.1 south of east.
C) 5.00 m at an angle 71.6 south of east.
D) 5.00 m at an angle 18.4 south of east.
E) 5.00 m at an angle 26.6 south of east.
A current reading is obtained by properly placing an ammeter in a circuit consisting of
one resistor and one battery. As a result
A) the voltage drop across the resistor increases.
B) the current flowing in the circuit increases.
C) the current flowing in the circuit decreases.
D) the current flowing in the circuit does not change.
What is the product of 11.24 and 1.95?
A) 22
B) 21.9
C) 21.92
D) 21.918
E) 21.9180
A spaceship visits Alpha Centauri and returns to Earth. Alpha Centauri is 4.5 light-years
from Earth (our second closest star). If the spaceship travels at one-half the speed of
light for essentially all of its expedition, how long was the ship gone according to an
observer on the spaceship?
Why does a lamp burn out quicker if it is turned on and off many times, rather than one
that is left burning?
A refracting telescope has an eyepiece of focal length -80. mm and an objective of focal
length 36. cm. What is the magnification?
Estimate by what percent the perceived frequency of speech changes due to a talking
person walking away from another person at rest at a speed of 3 m/s.
The maximum acceleration a pilot can stand is about 7.0 g. What is the minimum radius
of curvature that a jet plane’s pilot, pulling out of a vertical dive, can tolerate at a speed
of 250 m/s?
A lens is coated with material of index of refraction 1.38. What thickness of coating
should be used to give maximum transmission at a wavelength of 0.53 μm?
Imagine yourself in a car traveling around a sharp curve. The “centripetal” force is
inward, yet why do you slide outward and not inward?
A light beam enters water at an angle of incidence of 37. Determine the angle of
refraction.
What is the electric potential at the center of a hollow metal sphere of outside diameter
14. cm which holds a net charge of 3.3 μC?
What is the wavelength of a photon of energy 2.00 eV?
FIGURE 20-1
Examine Fig. 20-1. When the switch is closed, current is induced to flow through the
Galvanometer in what direction?
An objective lens of a telescope has a 1.90 m focal length. When viewed through this
telescope, the moon appears 5.25 times larger than normal. How far apart are the
objective lens and the eyepiece when this instrument is focused on the moon?
A 90.% efficient transformer supplies 3.0 Amperes at 6.0 volts. If the input voltage is
120. v, what is the input current?
Early AM radios required very long antennae wires. FM antennae are often
approximately a meter in size. Can you surmise why sensitive FM aerials are much
smaller than those AM wires?
An object is placed at the origin. A converging lens of focal length 10 mm is placed at x
= 40 mm on the x axis. A second converging lens of focal length 20 mm is placed at x =
90 mm. Graphically determine the size and location of the final image.
On a warm 30.C spring day, you are watching Richard take a buzzer and twirl it
horizontally around on the end of a 2.0 meter long string. Why do you hear the buzzer
tone Vary from 718. Hz to 772. Hz? What is the angular speed?
Europa, a moon of Jupiter, has an orbital diameter of 1.34 109 m, and a period of 3.55
days. What is the mass of Jupiter?
What is the angular speed of a point on the earth’s surface at 60.0 north latitude? What
is the linear speed of such a point?
The heat of fusion of ice is 80. kcal/kg-C. When 50. g of ice at 0C is added to 50. g of
water at 25°C, what is the final temperature?
An electron has a relativistic momentum of 1.1 x 10-21 kg-m/s. What fraction of its total
energy is its kinetic energy?