Chapter 9:
Distributing Health Care
Multiple Choice Questions
1) What is the “free rider problem” in healthcare?
a) The poor do not pay for their healthcare, but instead rely on the requirement that hospitals
stabilize everyone who comes to an emergency room with a medical problem.
b) The poor use emergency rooms as their primary care providers, and that is more costly
than other ways of securing medical care.
c) Hospitals are not allowed to charge people below the poverty line for ambulance services,
so these are overused.
d) Young people do not get insurance until later in life when they are more likely to get sick
or injured, and take advantage of the premiums paid by others who have been in the
system all along.
2) Prior to the application of the Affordable Care Act, what was the most common reason cited
by Americans for not getting medical insurance?
a) They could not afford the premiums.
b) They did not believe that they needed it.
c) They were covered by Medicaid.
d) They were covered by Medicare.
3) The Affordable Care Act has established
a) pandemic insurability.
b) universal insurability.
c) selective insurability.
d) regressive insurability.
4) The costs of medical care are high in the United States because of
a) drug costs.
b) the lack of price negotiations.
c) advances in costly technology.
d) all of these choices.
5) Which of the following types of rights always entails a duty on the part of someone else?
a) a claim-right
b) a health care right
c) a statutory right
d) a moral right
6) Which of the following types of rights entails a definable duty with the availability of formal
remedies if the duty is not performed?
a) a moral right
b) a health care right
c) a legal right
d) a human right
7) According to Kai Nielsen, what other value must be instantiated in society if we really value
autonomy?
a) Privacy
b) Safety
c) Healthcare
d) Equality
8) According to Kai Nielsen, what type of medical system is justified?
a) A single-tier system
b) A two-tier system
c) A three-tier system
d) Any type of tiered system
9) What principle does Daniels argue should govern the distribution of healthcare in a just
society?
a) The difference principle
b) The principle of fair equality of opportunity
c) The egalitarian principle
d) The first come, first served principle
10) Which of the following describes the result of the wide institution of managed care plans in
1994?
a) It slowed spending but costs continued to grow.
b) It slowed spending and costs started to decreased.
c) It hurried spending and costs started to decreased.
d) It hurried spending and costs started to rapidly increase.
11) Which of the following is true of Kai Nielsen’s view?
a) He believes everyone should receive the same quality of health care irrespective of the
ability to pay.
b) He believes health care should be taken out of the private sector.
c) He favors removing the profit motives for being a doctor.
d) All of these choices
12) What do Hall and Lord believe the Affordable Care Act’s central achievement has been?
a) They believe that the Affordable Care Act’s central achievement has been to ration
reimbursement for care.
b) They believe that the Affordable Care Act’s central achievement has been to eliminate
policies and costs that had rendered millions of Americans uninsurable.
c) They believe that the Affordable Care Act’s central achievement has been to tell
physicians how to practice medicine.
d) They believe that the Affordable Care Act’s central achievement has been to render the
insurance industry unprofitable.
13) According to Avik Roy, single-payer government insurance programs
a) are financially unsustainable.
b) amount to immoral infringements on economic liberty.
c) are financially unsustainable and amount to immoral infringements on economic liberty.
d) amount to market-oriented policies.
14) What approach to healthcare does Avik Roy favor?
a) A socialized approach.
b) A single-payer approach.
c) A market-based approach.
d) A monopolistic approach.
15) Geyman believes that the Affordable Care Act has effected some positive changes by doing
what?
a) The Affordable Care Act has effected some positive changes by restraining healthcare
spending.
b) The Affordable Care Act has effected some positive changes by making insurance
genuinely affordable.
c) The Affordable Care Act has effected some positive changes by improving the quality of
care.
d) The Affordable Care Act has effected some positive changes by reducing the ranks of the
uninsured.
True/False Questions
1) The free rider problem is a problem for many types of insurance scheme.
2) The adverse selection problem in insurance occurs when an insurance company selects too
many sick people to insure given the number of healthy people that it is insuring.
3) Having a large percentage of uninsured people in a population will lead to a less healthy
population.
4) The U.S. spends more on health care than any other country in the world.
5) One cause of the increase in health care cost is the fact that Americans are typically unwilling
to accept the explicit rationing of resources that would involve, for example, denying heart
transplants to people in their seventies or mammograms to women in their thirties.
6) There is currently a legally recognized claim right to health care in American society.
7) Under the terms of the Affordable Health Care Act, starting in 2014, almost everyone in the
U.S. is required to have medical insurance. Those who fail to get insurance are penalized,
and those who are unable to afford it are eligible for subsidized coverage.
8) According to Kai Nielsen where the life of everyone matters equally, everyone should
receive the same quality of medical treatment, regardless of the ability to pay.
9) According to Norman Daniels, health care differs from ordinary commodities in such a way
that its distribution should not be governed by the usual rules of buying and selling in the
market economy.
10) Avik Roy believes that economic liberty is of great moral value.
11) Avik Roy believes that market-based transactions are more efficient that Government
mandates.
12) Conservatives value voluntarism.
13) Geyman believes that the insurance industry should be more profit-driven as this would lead
to a more efficient system.
14) Geyman believes that a single-payer system would be efficient.
15) Donald Light believes that universal access to health care should be supported by
conservatives on the basis of the principle of personal integrity.