Chapter 4:
Reproductive Control
Multiple Choice Questions
1) Which of the following is a characteristic of the “new breed” of single mothers?
a) They have deliberately (rather than accidentally) become pregnant.
b) They are in their late-twenties to mid-thirties.
c) They occupy the upper tiers of income, education, and occupation.
d) All of these choices
2) Which of the following are a potential ethical and social difficulty surrounding reproductive
technologies?
a) incest potential and eugenics
b) eugenics and sex selection
c) sex selection and incest potential
d) incest potential, eugenics, and sex selection
3) Dolce and Gabbana argue that surrogacy is
a) exploitative.
b) unnatural.
c) dangerous.
d) all of these choices.
4) What is pharming?
a) the use of animal cloning to produce drugs
b) the use of animal cloning to produce higher-yield food animals
c) a type of gene therapy
d) the cloning technique used to produce Dolly
5) What factor or factors might undermine egg donors’ informed consent?
a) age
b) relative inexperience
c) the need for money
d) all of these choices
6) A gestational surrogate is
a) another term for an egg donor.
b) a “host mother” who is implanted with an embryo from another woman.
c) another term for a sperm donor.
d) a woman who has had one of her own eggs removed, fertilized and then implanted back
into her.
7) The long-term risks of egg donation are
a) easy to establish because we have significant data on the effects of hormone treatment.
b) easy to establish because we only permitted donation after extensive scientific study.
c) difficult to establish because egg donors are not tracked in a central registry.
d) difficult to establish because companies hide the adverse effects that they discover.
8) What is not an example of “third–party reproduction”?
a) Surrogacy arrangements
b) Egg donation
c) Sperm donation
d) IVF with no donated tissue
9) What explains the United States’ tolerance of compensated surrogacy?
a) The excellent healthcare that is available there
b) The greater number of gay couples who want children
c) Its free market ethos
d) All of these choices
10) From 1995 to 2005, the number of women taking fertility drugs almost tripled (from 1
million to 3 million women) What happened to the incidence of multiple births during the
last thirty years including the period from 1995 to 2005?
a) It has remained the same.
b) It has quadrupled.
c) It has doubled.
d) It has actually decreased by half.
11) A multiple pregnancy does what to the risk of miscarriage?
a) It increases it.
b) It decreases it.
c) It does not change it.
d) No one really knows.
12) What objections have critics leveled against ART?
a) That there is no right to have a biological child and so rather than using ART persons
should instead adopt.
b) ART is extremely expensive.
c) Intended parents are often not properly informed about their chances of success.
d) All of these choices
13) According to the Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith, which of the following does the
Catholic Church believe to be morally illegitimate?
a) Attempts to manipulate genetic materials for the purpose of sex selection.
b) Artificial insemination involving unmarried individuals.
c) Destroying human embryos produced by in vitro techniques for the purposes of either
research or procreation.
d) All of these choices.
14) Which of the following terms is used to describe the argument that “producing deficits [in
offspring] wouldn’t necessarily be wrong because, except in extreme cases, it’s better to be
alive than not exist”?
a) the “interest in existing” argument
b) the “open question” argument
c) the “argument from design”
d) the “open future” argument
15) Leon Kass offers which of the following as reasons for which we should feel repulsion at
the idea of human cloning?
a) Cloning would distort the cloned individual’s sense of social identity.
b) Cloning would turn procreation into a manufacturing process and turn children into
commodities.
c) Cloning would encourage parents to treat children as property.
d) All of these choices
16) Which of the following terms describes an elimination procedure used in cases where there
are multiple fetuses and some of the fetuses are destroyed and removed with the intent of
increasing the chances that the remaining fetuses will develop into healthy babies?
a) selective reduction
b) constructive abortion
c) genetic abortion
d) in vitro fertilization
True/False Questions
1) It is undisputed that a sperm donor has no moral responsibilities towards any children that he
fathers with his donated sperm.
2) The financial inducements associated with egg donation raises serious issues about informed
consent.
3) One concern that has been raised about cloning is that it could be used to produce copies of
whole individuals.
4) Proponents of assisted reproduction must show that people have a right to use it for it to be
morally acceptable.
5) Some critics of ART charge that it commodifies human life.
6) Some critics charge that surrogacy is a form of prostitution.
7) Pregnancy is risky, and so surrogacy contracts are always exploitative.
8) Joel Feinberg believes that children have an interest in being brought into existence.
9) George Annas argues that the right to rear a child you have borne is a right of privacy.
10) Gillian Hanscombe believes that lesbians should not be given access to reproductive
technologies to help them produce children.
11) Leon Kass believes that the repugnance that many people feel about human cloning itself
shows that it is morally wrong.
12) Carson Strong argues that human reproductive cloning is ethically wrong in each and every
instance that we can think of.
13) Steinbock believes that if a practice is risky, foolish, or morally distasteful, then there is more
than sufficient reason for it to be banned.
14) lizabeth Anderson believes that the introduction of market values into the realm of human
reproduction has the effect of harming children and degrading women.
15) Elizabeth Anderson endorses the view that surrogacy contracts are expressions of female
altruism.
