(B)
Turkic
(C)
Persian
(D)
Mevlevi
(E)
Nilotic
Answer:
(A)
Arabic
(B)
Turkic
(C)
Persian
88
The primary instruments of the “”silk & bamboo”” ensemble include: (More than one
answer.)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Answer:
(B)
yang qin
(C)
er hu
(D)
dizi
(E)
pipa
89
The following religions are primarily associated with East Asia: (More than one answer.)
(A)
Buddhism
(B)
Taoism
(C)
Islam
(D)
Hinduism
(E)
Christianity
Answer:
(A)
Buddhism
(B)
Taoism
90
__________ are types of “”musical poetry”” found in Hawai‘i, India, and Thailand. (More
than one answer.)
(A)
Mele
(B)
Kriti
(C)
Lam Klawn
(D)
Jhala
(E)
Gat
Answer:
(A)
Mele
(B)
Kriti
(C)
Lam Klawn
91
Asserting that “”Beethoven’s ninth symphony was the pinnacle of European art music
performance in 1824″” is an example of __________.
(A)
modernist scholarship
(B)
post-modernist scholarship
(C)
semiotic analysis
(D)
a pedagogical approach
(E)
Emic/etic interpretation
Answer:
(B)
post-modernist scholarship
92
Asserting that “”Beethoven died March 26, 1827″” is an example of __________.
(A)
modernist scholarship
(B)
post-modernist scholarship
(C)
semiotic analysis
(D)
a pedagogical approach
(E)
Emic/etic interpretation
Answer:
(A)
modernist scholarship
93
Musical __________ is the study of musical history through “”pictures.””
(A)
sociology
(B)
iconography
(C)
reflexology
(D)
photology
(E)
pictography
Answer:
(B)
iconography
94
__________ scholarship focuses on “”relative truths”” or ““interpretation of text.””
(A)
Post-modernist
(B)
Modernist
(C)
Emic
(D)
Etic
(E)
Relativistic
Answer:
(A)
Post-modernist
95
__________ scholarship focuses on “”verifiable truths”” or “”facts.“”
(A)
Modernist
(B)
Post-modernist
(C)
Emic
(D)
Etic
(E)
Relativistic
Answer:
(A)
Modernist
96
__________, __________, and __________ are the three primary sub-categories of
aerophones.
(A)
Flutes, reeds, recorders
(B)
Flutes, trumpets, brass
(C)
Trumpets, reeds, woodwinds
(D)
Flutes, reeds, trumpets
(E)
Trumpets, woodwinds, recorders
Answer:
(D)
Flutes, reeds, trumpets
97
__________, __________, __________, and __________ are the four basic
classifications of instruments in the Sachs-Hornbostel system.
(A)
Aerophone, chordophone, idiophone, membranophone
(B)
Strings, chordophone, membranophone, woodwinds
(C)
Brass, woodwinds, strings, percussion
(D)
Strings, woodwinds, aerophone, idiophone
(E)
Membranophone, aerophone, chordophone, sousaphone
Answer:
(A)
Aerophone, chordophone, idiophone, membranophone
98
__________ is a research approach in which an ethnomusicologist learns to perform the
music she/he studies.
(A)
Ethnocentrism
(B)
Bi-musicality
(C)
Cultural relativism
(D)
Positivism
(E)
Comparative ethnology
Answer:
(B)
Bi-musicality
99
__________ is the assumption that one‘s own cultural patterns are normative, while
those that differ are “”exotic,”” “”strange,”” or ““abnormal.”“
(A)
Ethnocentrism
(B)
Bi-musicality
(C)
Cultural relativism
(D)
Positivism
(E)
Comparative ethnology
Answer:
(A)
Ethnocentrism
100
Ethnomusicological research is most strongly influenced by __________ and
__________.
(A)
anthropology, linguistics
(B)
musicology, linguistics
(C)
musicology, technology
(D)
anthropology, technology
(E)
anthropology, musicology
Answer:
(E)
anthropology, musicology
101
In the early years of the study of world music, “”armchair”” scholars did not do their own
__________.
(A)
preparation
(B)
analysis
(C)
dissemination
(D)
fieldwork
(E)
representation
Answer:
(D)
fieldwork
102
Popular music can best be defined as music that is __________.
(A)
learned informally
(B)
disseminated through the media
(C)
learned formally
(D)
simple
(E)
complex
Answer:
(B)
disseminated through the media
103
__________ music can best be defined as music that is learned formally with specialized
training.
(A)
Classical
(B)
Folk
(C)
Popular
(D)
Ethnic
(E)
Traditional
Answer:
(A)
Classical
104
__________ music can best be defined as music that is learned informally, primarily
through observation.
(A)
Classical
(B)
Popular
(C)
Folk
(D)
Ethnic
(E)
Traditional
Answer:
(C)
Folk
105
According to ethnomusicologists, why is music considered a universal, but not a unviersal
language?
(A)
Musical activity is found in every human culture, but the meanings of such activity are
interpreted differently from culture to culture, even person to person.
(B)
Like language, musical activity is a learned process, so a person must participate in that
activity from birth to understand it.
(C)
Not every culture has music, so music cannot be universal.
(D)
Instruments cannot communiate the same meaning cross-culturally.
(E)
As singing requires language and there is no “”universal”” language understood by all
peoples, music cannot be a universal language.
Answer:
(A)
Musical activity is found in every human culture, but the meanings of such activity are
interpreted differently from culture to culture, even person to person.
106
__________ is a research approach embraced by ethnomusicologists that encourages the
acceptance of differing cultural perspectives.
(A)
Bi-musicality
(B)
Ethnocentrism
(C)
Cultural relativism
(D)
Positivism
(E)
Anthropology
Answer:
(C)
Cultural relativism
107
The Robinson Projection map of the world is generally preferred over the Mercator
Projection because __________.
(A)
Europe is placed in the center of the map
(B)
the equator is placed in the center of the map
(C)
no land mass is visually divided
(D)
the country names are more current
(E)
Greenland is proportionally correct
Answer:
(B)
the equator is placed in the center of the map
108
__________ is an important composer associated with spirituals and lined hymns often
performed in African-American churches in the United States.
(A)
Isaac Watts
(B)
Hugh McGraw
(C)
Bill Monroe
(D)
Robert Johnson
(E)
R. Carlos Nakai
Answer:
(A)
Isaac Watts
109
The melodic contour of the vocal line in Native American powwow performance is best
described as __________.
(A)
cascading
(B)
ascending
(C)
vibrato
(D)
drone
(E)
disjunct
Answer:
(A)
cascading
110
The primary melody in 4-part shape note singing is most often carried by the __________
part.
(A)
soprano
(B)
alto
(C)
tenor
(D)
bass
(E)
tribble
Answer:
(C)
tenor
111
__________ is a well-known musician associated with Native American flute performance
in the United States.
(A)
Robert Johnson
(B)
Francis J. Child
(C)
Bill Monroe
(D)
Natalie MacMaster
(E)
R. Carlos Nakai
Answer:
(E)
R. Carlos Nakai
112
__________ is the study of signs and symbols.
(A)
Semiotics
(B)
Cultural relativism
(C)
Ethnocentrism
(D)
Hermeneutics
(E)
Symbiology
Answer:
(A)
Semiotics
113
__________ in the context of music refers to a modern performance practice inspired by
traditional practices.
(A)
Neotraditionalism
(B)
Modernization
(C)
Classicism
(D)
Positivism
(E)
Post Modernism
Answer:
(A)
Neotraditionalism
114
__________ is defined as “”an organized succession of pitches forming a musical idea.””
(A)
Heterophony
(B)
Homophony
(C)
Melody
(D)
Harmony
(E)
Monophony
Answer:
(C)
Melody
115
__________, __________, __________, and __________ are the musical equivalents of
the four properties of a sound.
(A)
Tone, timbre, dynamics, rhythm
(B)
Tone, pitch, dynamics, rhythm
(C)
Timbre, dynamics, rhythm, duration
(D)
Timbre, pitch, tone color, duration
(E)
Timbre, dynamics, pitch, tone
Answer:
(A)
Tone, timbre, dynamics, rhythm
116
__________ is defined as “”simultaneous variations of a single line of music.””
(A)
Heterophony
(B)
Homophony
(C)
Melody
(D)
Monophony
(E)
Harmony
Answer:
(A)
Heterophony
117
__________ describes the quantity of pitches sounded within a specific length of time.
(A)
Text setting
(B)
Melismatic
(C)
Syllabic
(D)
Time-line
(E)
Rhythmic density
Answer:
(E)
Rhythmic density
118
__________ singing utilizes “”more than one pitch per syllable”” of sung text.
(A)
Text setting
(B)
Melismatic
(C)
Syllabic
(D)
Scale
(E)
Semantic
Answer:
(B)
Melismatic
119
__________ singing utilizes “”one pitch per syllable”” of sung text.
(A)
Scale
(B)
Text setting
(C)
Melismatic
(D)
Syllabic
(E)
Semantic
Answer:
(D)
Syllabic
120
__________ refers to the number of pitches per syllable of sung text.
(A)
Scale
(B)
Syllabic
(C)
Melismatic
(D)
Semantic
(E)
Text setting
Answer:
(E)
Text setting
121
A(n) __________ pitch has no single dominant frequency, but a “”cluster”” of frequencies
that can be “”imitated”” rather than “”sung.””
(A)
definite
(B)
indefinite
(C)
determinant
(D)
tonic
(E)
centrophonic
Answer:
(B)
indefinite
122
A(n) __________ pitch has a dominant frequency that is “”singable.””
(A)
indefinite
(B)
determinant
(C)
tonic
(D)
definite
(E)
centrophonic
Answer:
(D)
definite
123
A lamellophone is a type of __________.
(A)
chordophone
(B)
idiophone
(C)
aerophone
(D)
membranophone
(E)
centrophone
Answer:
(B)
idiophone
124
A(n) __________ “”itself”” vibrates to produce a sound.
(A)
chordophone
(B)
aerophone
(C)
idiophone
(D)
membranophone
(E)
centrophone
Answer:
(C)
idiophone
125
A piano is an example of a __________.
(A)
zither
(B)
lute
(C)
harp
(D)
lyre
(E)
idiophone
Answer:
(A)
zither
126
__________, __________, __________, and __________ are the four properties of
sound.
(A)
Pitch, tone quality, volume, duration
(B)
Pitch, tone quality, timbre, duration
(C)
Pitch, timbre, rhythm, duration
(D)
Pitch, tone, tone quality, timbre
(E)
Tone, tone quality, timbre, duration
Answer:
(A)
Pitch, tone quality, volume, duration
127
__________ favors interpretation and the acceptance of the relativity of truth.
(A)
Post Modernism
(B)
Positivsm
(C)
Neotraditionalism
(D)
Modernization
(E)
Classicism
Answer:
(A)
Post Modernism
128
__________ is a well-known musician associated with country blues in the United States.
(A)
Robert Johnson
(B)
Francis J. Child
(C)
Bill Monroe
(D)
Natalie MacMaster
(E)
R. Carlos Nakai
Answer:
(A)
Robert Johnson
129
The primary role of a __________ in Mandinka society (West Africa) is as an oral
historian.
(A)
hosho
(B)
atumpan
(C)
jali
(D)
kora
(E)
mbube
Answer:
(C)
jali
130
The kecak is so named for the interlocking “”cak”” sound the performers make to imitate
the sound of __________.
(A)
birds
(B)
monkeys
(C)
frogs
(D)
demons
(E)
bears
Answer:
(B)
monkeys
131
__________ was a major political figure from India in the twentieth century.
(A)
Ravi Shankar
(B)
Mahatma Gandhi
(C)
Aashish Khan
(D)
Shanti Raghavan
(E)
Sri Sai Baba
Answer:
(B)
Mahatma Gandhi
132
The major religion associated with Pakistan is __________.
(A)
Hinduism
(B)
Buddhism
(C)
Christianity
(D)
the Baha’i Faith
(E)
Islam
Answer:
(E)
Islam
133
The major religion associated with India is __________.
(A)
Hinduism
(B)
Islam
(C)
Christianity
(D)
the Baha’i Faith
(E)
Buddhism
Answer:
(A)
Hinduism
134
The tala is best described as a(n) __________.
(A)
rhythmic cycle
(B)
pair of hand drums
(C)
plucked lute
(D)
melodic composition
(E)
exploratory introduction
Answer:
(A)
rhythmic cycle
135
The tabla musician is responsible for __________ in Hindustani classical music.
(A)
playing the melody
(B)
“”keeping the tal””
(C)
providing the drone
(D)
imitating the melodic contour of the voice
(E)
leading the congregation during a bhajan
Answer:
(B)
“”keeping the tal””
136
The sarod is a fretless plucked lute __________.
(A)
with three sets of strings: melody, jhala (rhythm), and sympathetic
(B)
with four strings that maintain the drone
(C)
that imitates the melodic contour of the voice
(D)
that is performed by Bauls from Bangladesh
(E)
that is commonly associated with Ravi Shankar
Answer:
(A)
with three sets of strings: melody, jhala (rhythm), and sympathetic
137
The tambura is a fretless plucked lute responsible for maintaining the __________in
Hindustani classical music.
(A)
drone
(B)
melody
(C)
tala
(D)
rhythm
(E)
raga
Answer:
(A)
drone
138
The three basic elements of instrumental performance in the Hindustani tradition include
__________, __________, and __________.
(A)
melody, harmony, drone
(B)
melody, rhythm, harmony
(C)
melody, ornamentation, rhythm
(D)
melody, ornamentation, drone
(E)
melody, rhythm, drone
Answer:
(E)
melody, rhythm, drone
139
Raga is typically defined as __________, which can be thought of as a “”composition kit””
for performance.
(A)
mode
(B)
scale
(C)
intent
(D)
melisma
(E)
rasa
Answer:
(A)
mode
140
The term bhajan refers to __________.
(A)
popular music written for Indian films
(B)
a membrane covering a barrel-shaped drum
(C)
a dance tradition associated with the Bauls
(D)
a devotional song performed by Hindu lay people
(E)
poetry performed by the Bauls
Answer:
(D)
a devotional song performed by Hindu lay people
141
The term filmi refers to __________.
(A)
popular music written for Indian films
(B)
a membrane covering a barrel-shaped drum
(C)
a dance tradition associated with the Bauls
(D)
poetry performed by the Bauls
(E)
a devotional song performed by Hindu lay people
Answer:
(A)
popular music written for Indian films
142
The alap is best described as a(n) __________.
(A)
rhythmic cycle
(B)
exploratory introduction
(C)
pair of hand drums
(D)
plucked lute
(E)
melodic composition
Answer:
(B)
exploratory introduction
143
The gat is best described as a(n) __________.
(A)
rhythmic cycle
(B)
melodic composition
(C)
pair of hand drums
(D)
plucked lute
(E)
exploratory introduction
Answer:
(B)
melodic composition
144
In India, cultural traditions are typically regarded as either __________ (Northern) or
__________ (Southern).
(A)
Hindustani, Baul
(B)
Hindu, Hindustani
(C)
Hindu, Karnatak
(D)
Hindustani, Karnatak
(E)
Baul, Karnatak
Answer:
(D)
Hindustani, Karnatak
145
A(n) __________ is a South Indian festival.
(A)
aradhana
(B)
nagasvaram
(C)
Sarasvati vina
(D)
ragamala
(E)
mridangam
Answer:
(A)
aradhana
146
The __________ is a standard instrument used in South Indian Kriti performance.
(A)
guitar
(B)
violin
(C)
gopiyantra
(D)
harmonium
(E)
sitar
Answer:
(B)
violin
147
Balinese gamelan performances are often associated with __________, the predominant
religion on the island.
(A)
Islam
(B)
Christianity
(C)
Animism
(D)
Hinduism
(E)
Buddhism
Answer:
(D)
Hinduism
148
__________, __________, and __________ are the three basic music elements of
Javanese gamelan performance.
(A)
principal melody, polyrhythm, pholyphonic stratification
(B)
periodic punctuation, polphonic stratification, heterophony
(C)
principal melody, polyrhthym, periodic punctuation
(D)
polyrhythm, periodic punctuation, heterophony
(E)
principal melody, periodic punctuation, melody embellishment
Answer:
(E)
principal melody, periodic punctuation, melody embellishment
149
__________ is an ensemble comprised primarily of bronze idiophones from Indonesia.
(A)
Luk thung
(B)
Piphat
(C)
Lam sing
(D)
Gamelan
(E)
Maw lam
Answer:
(D)
Gamelan
150
__________ is a type of popular music in Thailand.
(A)
Gamelan
(B)
Piphat
(C)
Luk thung
(D)
Lam sing
(E)
Maw lam
Answer:
(C)
Luk thung
151
Lam klawn is a type of vocal repartee accompanied by the __________.
(A)
ching (a pair of small hand cymbals)
(B)
ranat ek (a xylophone)
(C)
thon-ramana (pair of hand drums)
(D)
khaen (free-reed mouth organ)
(E)
pi (reed aerophone)
Answer:
(D)
khaen (free-reed mouth organ)
152
The “”aural conductor”” of the Thai piphat ensemble plays the __________.
(A)
ching (a pair of small hand cymbals)
(B)
ranat ek (a xylophone)
(C)
khaen (free-reed mouth organ)
(D)
thon-ramana (pair of hand drums)
(E)
pi (reed aerophone)
Answer:
(A)
ching (a pair of small hand cymbals)
153
The phonic structure of a Vietnamese Tai Tu ensemble is described as __________.
(A)
homophony
(B)
independent polyphony
(C)
heterophony
(D)
monophy
(E)
counterpoint
Answer:
(C)
heterophony
154
A wai khru is a ritual round in __________ that honors a student’s teachers and the
ancestral spirtis of teachers from the past.
(A)
Vietnam
(B)
Thailand
(C)
Indonesia
(D)
China
(E)
Malaysia
Answer:
(B)
Thailand
155
__________ is considered part of “”island”” Southeast Asia.
(A)
Indonesia
(B)
Thailand
(C)
Combodia
(D)
Vietnam
(E)
Laos
Answer:
(A)
Indonesia
156
__________ is a popular music style originally associated with Punjabi populations of
northern India and southern Pakistan.
(A)
Bollywood
(B)
Bhangra
(C)
Bhajan
(D)
Kathakali
(E)
Qawwali
Answer:
(B)
Bhangra
157
__________ is a vocal tradition associated with Sufi spiritual practices in Pakistan.
(A)
Bollywood
(B)
Bhangra
(C)
Bhajan
(D)
Kathakali
(E)
Qawwali
Answer:
(E)
Qawwali
158
__________ refers to the Indian film industry found in Mumbai, considered the world’s
largest center of movie production.
(A)
Bollywood
(B)
Bhangra
(C)
Bhajan
(D)
Kathakali
(E)
Qawwali
Answer:
(A)
Bollywood
159
__________ is an Indian dance drama derived from Hindu mythology, especially the epic
tale of the Mahabharata.
(A)
ragamala
(B)
bhajan
(C)
qawwali
(D)
kathakali
(E)
sitar
Answer:
(D)
kathakali
160
A __________ is a miniature painting from India often associated with Hindu mythology
and spirituality.
(A)
ragamala
(B)
bhajan
(C)
qawwali
(D)
kathakali
(E)
sitar
Answer:
(A)
ragamala
161
The __________ is derived from a small Portuguese version of a guitar commonly heard
in popular song of Hawai’i.
(A)
ukulele
(B)
garamut
(C)
didjeridu
(D)
pahu
(E)
susap
Answer:
(A)
ukulele
162
__________ are community gatherings intended to celebrate the diverse ethnic makeup
of the island communities of Papua New Guinea.
(A)
Singsings
(B)
Corroboree
(C)
Luau
(D)
Bino
(E)
Mele
Answer:
(A)
Singsings
163
_________ refers to the qualities, beliefs, behaviors, etc., associated with an individual or
group of people that distinguishes them from others.
(A)
function
(B)
use
(C)
identity
(D)
pedagogy
(E)
adaptation
Answer:
(C)
identity
164
__________ refers to a method of teaching associated with a given culture.
(A)
function
(B)
use
(C)
identity
(D)
pedagogy
(E)
adaptation
Answer:
(D)
pedagogy
165
The __________ of a music refers to its purpose or meaning.
(A)
function
(B)
use
(C)
identity
(D)
pedagogy
(E)
adaptation
Answer:
(A)
function
166
Drums, such as the atumpan, require a high and low sound to function as a speech
surrogate.
(A)
True
(B)
False
Answer:
(A)
True
167
Drums, such as the atumpan, are used as speech surrogates by responding to vocal
phrases with rhythmic reference points.
(A)
True
(B)
False
Answer:
(B)
False
168
Drums, such as the atumpan, function as a speech surrogate by imitating the tonal
contour and speech rhythm of a language.
(A)
True
(B)
False
Answer:
(A)
True
169
The Union Pipes from Ireland are lung-driven.
(A)
True
(B)
False
Answer:
(B)
False
170
The Highland Pipes from Scotland are lung-driven.
(A)
True
(B)
False
Answer:
(A)
True
171
The Union Pipes from Ireland are bellows-driven.
(A)
True
(B)
False
Answer:
(A)
True
172
The Highland Pipes from Scotland are bellows-driven.
(A)
True
(B)
False
Answer:
(B)
False
173
A mouth harp is a type of chordophone.
(A)
True
(B)
False
Answer:
(B)
False
174
Music is a universal language.
(A)
True
(B)
False
Answer:
(B)
False
175
Ethnomusicology has a canon of composers and works.
(A)
True
(B)
False
Answer:
(B)
False
176
“Music” is a culturally determined sonic phenomenon.
(A)
True
(B)
False