Answer:
(A)
True
177
__________ refers to the modification of a musical instrument or performance practice to
adhere to the expectations of a new musical culture.
(A)
function
(B)
use
(C)
identity
(D)
pedagogy
(E)
adaptation
(E)
adaptation
178
__________, __________, and __________ are the three sub-regions of the Pacifi
Islands.
(A)
Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea
(B)
Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia
(C)
Indonesia, Melanesia, Polynesia
(D)
Macronesia, Micronesia, Polynesia
(E)
Macronesia, Indonesia, Australia
(B)
Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia
179
__________ (meaning “many islands”) includes the island of Hawai’i and island nations,
such as New Zealand.
(A)
Micronesia
(B)
Melanesia
(C)
Polynesia
(D)
Philippines
(E)
Indonesia
(C)
Polynesia
180
__________ (meaning “dark islands”) includes island nations, such as Papua New
Guinea.
(A)
Micronesia
(B)
Melanesia
(C)
Polynesia
(D)
Philippines
(E)
Indonesia
(B)
Melanesia
181
__________ (meaning “small islands”) includes the island of Guam and island nations,
such as Kiribati.
(A)
Micronesia
(B)
Melanesia
(C)
Polynesia
(D)
Philippines
(E)
Indonesia
(A)
Micronesia
182
Vocal traditions predominate in Oceania and Australia because __________.
(A)
singing is considered more spiritually powerful
(B)
European missionaries influenced indigenous traditions
(C)
natural resources are scarce
(D)
instruments are considered inferior
(E)
circular breathing is unique to the area
(C)
natural resources are scarce
183
According to aboriginal beliefs, a woman is prohibited from playing the didjeridu because
__________.
(A)
only men play musical instruments
(B)
women only sing
(C)
it may cause her to have too many children
(D)
it is viewed as morally improper
(E)
it is too difficult to play
(C)
it may cause her to have too many children
184
The function of susap performance is to __________.
(A)
attract ancestral spirits to corroboree rituals
(B)
attract a woman’s affections
(C)
accompany chant traditions from Hawai’i
(D)
summon Wondjina to nighttime rituals
(E)
taunt rival performers during all-night vocal competition
(B)
attract a woman’s affections
185
The susap is used to perform a(n) __________.
(A)
nighttime ritual found among Australian aborigines
(B)
surrogate speech language
(C)
history song associated with Wondjina
(D)
chant to attract ancestral spirits
(E)
accompaniment to chant traditions from Hawai’i
(B)
surrogate speech language
186
The __________ is a lamellophone found among aborigines of Papua New Guinea.
(A)
susap
(B)
didjeridu
(C)
corroboree
(D)
pahu
(E)
kilu
(A)
susap
187
A corroboree is a(n) __________.
(A)
surrogate speech language performed by aborigines of Papua New Guinea
(B)
history song associated with Wondjina
(C)
a musical instrument made from a hollowed-out tree branch
(D)
drum used in chant traditions from Hawai’i
(E)
nighttime ritual found among Australian aborigines
(E)
nighttime ritual found among Australian aborigines
188
The sound of the didjeridu is considered a(n) __________.
(A)
aural manifestation of the creative energy of ancestral spirits
(B)
non-lexical account of history songs
(C)
musical representation of the sounds of nature
(D)
aural manifestation of telepathic energy
(E)
musical representation of non-lexical spirit languages
(A)
aural manifestation of the creative energy of ancestral spirits
189
The didjeridu is a type of __________ common to Australian aboriginal music.
(A)
reed
(B)
trumpet
(C)
flute
(D)
idiophone
(E)
membranophone
Answer:
(B)
trumpet
190
__________ refers specifically to the Australian aboriginal cosmology.
(A)
Animism
(B)
Polytheism
(C)
Totemism
(D)
Dreamtime
(E)
Wondjina
(D)
Dreamtime
191
The music of Oceania is primarily __________.
(A)
vocal
(B)
instrumental
(C)
harmonic
(D)
monophonic
(E)
idiophonic
(A)
vocal
192
__________ is a reference to poetry used in Hawai’ian musical traditions.
(A)
Mele
(B)
Susap
(C)
Kiribati
(D)
Pahu
(E)
Kilu
(A)
Mele
193
“Music” is objectively defined as “beautiful sounds.”
(A)
True
(B)
False
(B)
False
194
The __________ is a lute-harp, a type of chordophone common to the Mandinka people of
West Africa.
(A)
kora
(B)
hosho
(C)
jali
(D)
atumpan
(E)
mbube
(A)
kora
195
When Bulgarian singers perform close intervals, such as a minor or major second, they
seek to create tension in the music __________.
(A)
through ululation
(B)
by “”ringing like a bell””
(C)
through consonant harmony
(D)
by “”bellowing””
(E)
by “”crying out””
(B)
by “”ringing like a bell””
196
The Rom (or Romani), colloquially known as “”Gypsies,”” originally came from
__________ and are well-known throughout Europe for their music-making.
(A)
India
(B)
Egypt
(C)
Hungary
(D)
Turkey
(E)
Spain
(A)
India
197
The Wailing Wall, Church of the Nativity, and Dome of the Rock are important religious
sites found in __________.
(A)
Israel
(B)
Turkey
(C)
Egypt
(D)
Iran
(E)
Iraq
(A)
Israel
198
A __________ ensemble typically includes instruments, such as the ney, ud, qanun, and
darabuka.
(A)
takht
(B)
dervish
(C)
shofar
(D)
gusheh
(E)
iqa–at
(A)
takht
199
A __________ traditionally performs the “Call to Prayer” five times per day in the Islamic
faith.
(A)
muezzin
(B)
rabbi
(C)
dervish
(D)
inam
(E)
gusheh
(A)
muezzin
200
The __________ is a type of flute frequently featured in Sufi ritual.
(A)
shofar
(B)
qanun
(C)
santur
(D)
buzuq
(E)
ney
(E)
ney
201
The __________ is a type of trumpet often associated with Jewish ritual.
(A)
shofar
(B)
qanun
(C)
santur
(D)
buzuq
(E)
ney
(A)
shofar
202
A “”whirling dervish”” is a reference to a __________.
(A)
“”spinning”” technique used to play the Arabic frame drum
(B)
“”round-robin”” solo exchange in the Arabic takht ensemble
(C)
spiritually ecstatic state associated with Sufism
(D)
cyclical musical form found in Turkish music
(E)
ritual dance performed by Sufis
(E)
ritual dance performed by Sufis
203
__________ are generally regarded as adherents to the “”mystical”” branch of Islam.
(A)
Sunnis
(B)
Shiahs
(C)
Sufis
(D)
Muslims
(E)
Muezzins
(C)
Sufis
204
Arabic iqa-at (rhythmic modes) focus primarily on distinctions of __________.
(A)
meter
(B)
tempo
(C)
dynamics
(D)
syncopation
(E)
melody
(A)
meter
205
Ther Persian musical system (mode) used as the basis for composition and improvisation
is known as __________.
(A)
santur
(B)
dastgah
(C)
ud
(D)
maqam
(E)
takht
(B)
dastgah
206
The Iranian __________ is a trapezoidal hammered zither.
(A)
dastgah
(B)
santur
(C)
ud
(D)
maqam
(E)
takht
(B)
santur
207
The Arabic musical system (mode) used as the basis for composition and improvisation is
known as __________.
(A)
ud
(B)
darabukka
(C)
takht
(D)
maqam
(E)
dastgah
(D)
maqam
208
The European medieval lute is thought to derive from the Middle Eastern __________.
(A)
ud
(B)
santur
(C)
maqam
(D)
takht
(E)
dastgah
(A)
ud
209
Byzantine chant is typical of the religious singing of the __________.
(A)
Greek Orthodox church
(B)
Roman Catholic church
(C)
Sufi monastic orders
(D)
Muslim mosque
(E)
Jewish synagogue
(A)
Greek Orthodox church
210
A(n) __________ is the primary instrument used in Spanish Flamenco music.
(A)
balalaika
(B)
guitar
(C)
accordion
(D)
bagpipe
(E)
hurdy gurdy
(B)
guitar
211
Africa is often considered in three cultural zones, including the __________, __________,
and __________.
(A)
Nilotic, Hottentot, Bantu
(B)
Pan-Arabic, Bantu, Sub-Saharan
(C)
Nilotic, Sahel, Hottentot
(D)
Sub-Saharan, Bantu, Rainforest
(E)
Pan-Arabic, Sahel, Sub-Saharan
Answer:
(E)
Pan-Arabic, Sahel, Sub-Saharan
212
The __________ is a round-bodied lute from Russia that often performs in balalaika
ensembles.
(A)
domra
(B)
bodrhan
(C)
accordion
(D)
hurdy gurdy
(E)
gaidas
(A)
domra
213
A céilí is a traditional music ensemble from __________.
(A)
Hungary
(B)
Spain
(C)
Scotland
(D)
Ireland
(E)
Russia
(D)
Ireland
214
The Uilleann pipes is an instrument most associated with music performance from
__________.
(A)
Hungary
(B)
Spain
(C)
Scotland
(D)
Ireland
(E)
Bulgaria
(C)
Scotland
215
The Highland pipes is an instrument most associated with music performance from
__________.
(A)
Hungary
(B)
Spain
(C)
Scotland
(D)
Ireland
(E)
Bulgaria
(C)
Scotland
216
The hurdy gurdy is an instrument typically associated with France and __________.
(A)
Hungary
(B)
Spain
(C)
Scotland
(D)
Ireland
(E)
Bulgaria
(A)
Hungary
217
The term “”uilleann”” translates as __________.
(A)
lung
(B)
elbow
(C)
fingersnaps
(D)
handclaps
(E)
union
(B)
elbow
218
__________ was a Russian nobleman responsible for promoting the balalaika as the
country’s national instrument.
(A)
Tsar Nicholas II
(B)
Sean Folsom
(C)
Béla Bartók
(D)
William Wallace
(E)
Vasily Andreyev
(E)
Vasily Andreyev
219
Béla Bartók is a well-known composer and early ethnomusicologist noted for his
transcriptions of __________ folks songs.
(A)
Romani
(B)
Egyptian
(C)
Islamic
(D)
Hungarian
(E)
Gypsy
(D)
Hungarian
220
The __________ bagpipes are often used as a symbol of the British military.
(A)
Irish
(B)
English
(C)
Union
(D)
Uilleann
(E)
Scottish
(E)
Scottish
221
The sound of the hurdy gurdy is produced by __________.
(A)
using a plectrum made from leather to pluck the strings
(B)
squeezing a bag to force air through the pipes
(C)
manipulating a bellows to vibrate the reeds of each key
(D)
turning a crank attached to a wheel to vibrate the strings
(E)
blowing a column of air over an edge
(D)
turning a crank attached to a wheel to vibrate the strings
222
The “”Uilleann”” pipes are distinctive because __________.
(A)
the performer pumps a bellows with his elbow to fill the air bag
(B)
the performer blows through a blowpipe to fill the air bag
(C)
the regulators and bellows are attached in “”union”” with the air bag
(D)
the air flow of the drone pipes is regulated with the elbow
(E)
this is the Scottish term for a bellows-driven bagpipe
(A)
the performer pumps a bellows with his elbow to fill the air bag
223
The Highland pipes are the most distinctive bagpipes of __________.
(A)
Ireland
(B)
England
(C)
Scotland
(D)
Wales
(E)
France
(C)
Scotland
224
A distinctive feature of the Russian __________ is its triangular-shaped body.
(A)
balalaika
(B)
accordion
(C)
guitar
(D)
bagpipe
(E)
hurdy gurdy
(A)
balalaika
225
The adhan (call to prayer) is performed __________ times per day to call Muslims to
worship.
(A)
four
(B)
three
(C)
seven
(D)
five
(E)
nine
(D)
five
226
__________ denotes a kind of heightened speech that is between speaking and singing.
(A)
Praise-singing
(B)
Cantillation
(C)
Muezzin
(D)
Maqam
(E)
Torah
(B)
Cantillation
227
The chobo (narrator with shamisen accompaniment) is found in the __________.
(A)
Kabuki theatre from Japan
(B)
P’ansori drama from Korea
(C)
Gagaku ensemble from Japan
(D)
Jingju (Beijing Opera) from China
(E)
Revolutionary Opera from China
(A)
Kabuki theatre from Japan
228
__________ is a Confucian ritual music found in Japan.
(A)
P’ansori
(B)
Khoomei
(C)
Sanjo
(D)
Gagaku
(E)
Kim chi
(D)
Gagaku
229
__________ is a narrative drama found in South Korea.
(A)
Kim chi
(B)
Khoomei
(C)
Sanjo
(D)
Gagaku
(E)
P’ansori
(E)
P’ansori
230
A Mongolian “”throat singer”” can sing two pitches simultaneously by __________.
(A)
manipulating overtones produced when sounding a low drone pitch
(B)
pressing his throat to create a low drone below the main melody
(C)
pressing his throat to create two air flow channels to his mouth
(D)
holding his hand in front of his mouth to “”deflect”” his voice into two tones
(E)
projecting his voice in a yurt so that two tones are heard
(A)
manipulating overtones produced when sounding a low drone pitch
231
Revolutionary Beijing Opera is associated with __________.
(A)
American president Richard Nixon’s visit to China in 1972
(B)
the Communist Revolution (1949) led by Mao Zedong
(C)
the rise of the Communist party beginning in the 1920s
(D)
the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) initiated by Mao Zedong
(E)
the end of civil strife between the Communist and Nationalist political parties (1949)
(D)
the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) initiated by Mao Zedong
232
__________, __________, and __________ are the three principal
philosophical/religious systems found commong to the Chinese population.
(A)
Taoism, Animism, Totemism
(B)
Toaism, Buddhism, Shintoism
(C)
Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism
(D)
Shintoism, Zen, Buddhism
(E)
Confucianism, Shintoism, Zen
(C)
Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism
233
Gamelan is a type of ensemble common to Java, Indonesia that includes instruments,
such as ___________, __________, and __________.
(A)
khong wong yai, ranad ek, pi nai
(B)
gender, rebab, bonang
(C)
phin, salaw, khaen
(D)
barong, khon, wai khru
(E)
nhac tai tu, sathukan, Ramayana
Answer:
(B)
gender, rebab, bonang
234
Wayang Kulit is a type of __________ common to Indonesia.
(A)
shadow-puppet theatre
(B)
teacher-honoring ceremony
(C)
classical ensemble
(D)
dance theatre
(E)
popular song
(A)
shadow-puppet theatre
235
Pioneer ethnomusicologists, such as Jaap Kunst, Colin McPhee, and Mantle Hood, were
most interested in the music of ___________.
(A)
Indonesia
(B)
Thailand
(C)
Vietnam
(D)
Laos
(E)
Philippines
(A)
Indonesia
236
Piphat is a classical ensemble from Thailand that includes instruments, such as the
_________, ____________, and ____________.
(A)
khong wong yai, ranad ek, pi nai
(B)
gender, rebab, bonang
(C)
phin, salaw, khaen
(D)
barong, khon, wai khru
(E)
nhac tai tu, sathukan, Ramayana
(A)
khong wong yai, ranad ek, pi nai
237
__________ is a “Teacher–Honoring” ceremony common to Thailand.
(A)
Wai Khru
(B)
Piphat
(C)
Lam Klawn
(D)
Ramayana
(E)
Luk Thung
(A)
Wai Khru
238
__________ is the most common “”world music”” found in academic institutions
throughout the Untied States.
(A)
Gamelan
(B)
Piphat
(C)
Luk Thung
(D)
Tai Tu
(E)
Lam Klawn
(A)
Gamelan
239
__________ is the major religion of Bali, Indonesia.
(A)
Buddhism
(B)
Hinduism
(C)
Islam
(D)
Taoism
(E)
Animism
(B)
Hinduism
240
__________ is the major religion of Java, Indonesia.
(A)
Buddhism
(B)
Hinduism
(C)
Islam
(D)
Taoism
(E)
Animism
(C)
Islam
241
Various __________ are the most common melodic instruments heard in Tibetan Buddhist
rituals.
(A)
xylophones
(B)
flutes
(C)
trumpets
(D)
lutes
(E)
zithers
(C)
trumpets
242
Performance on the gu qin (“”ancient zither””) is __________.
(A)
considered a kind of sonic meditation
(B)
intended to awaken ancestral spirits
(C)
primarily meant for entertainment
(D)
most common in social clubs and tea houses
(E)
designed to honor Confucius and other ancestral spirits
(A)
considered a kind of sonic meditation
243
__________ is generally not considered geographically part of the “”Middle East.””
(A)
Israel
(B)
Turkey
(C)
Afghanistan
(D)
Iraq
(E)
Egypt
(C)
Afghanistan
244
__________ is a Confucian ceremony associated with Japan.
(A)
Khoomei
(B)
P’ansori
(C)
Chuida
(D)
Gagaku
(E)
Komuso
(D)
Gagaku
245
__________ are Zen Buddhist priests from Japan, who often utilize shakuhachi music
performance for meditative and ritual behavior.
(A)
Khoomei
(B)
P’ansori
(C)
Chuida
(D)
Gagaku
(E)
Komuso
(E)
Komuso
246
__________ is a type of “throat–singing” associated with traditional singing in Mongolia.
(A)
Khoomei
(B)
P’ansori
(C)
Chuida
(D)
Gagaku
(E)
Komuso
Answer:
(A)
Khoomei
247
The __________ is a double-reed aerophone frequently associated with chuida outdoor
ensembles in China.
(A)
suona
(B)
taiko
(C)
guqin
(D)
koto
(E)
pipa
(A)
suona
248
___________ is an outdoor “wind and percussion” ensemble from China that includes
suona (double-reed aerophone) and loud percussion.
(A)
Chuida
(B)
Sizhu
(C)
P’ansori
(D)
Taiko
(E)
Gagaku
(A)
Chuida
249
Gu qin is translated in English as “”__________.””
(A)
ancient zither
(B)
hammered zither
(C)
phoenix wings
(D)
silk & bamboo
(E)
Peking Opera
(A)
ancient zither
250
The comic characters of the Beijing Opera are most easily identified by __________.
(A)
their use of stylized speech
(B)
the circular white “”patch“” painted on their faces
(C)
their inept execution of martial arts forms
(D)
the deliberate movements they make in conjuction with percussion instruments
(E)
their realistic makeup and ordinary costumes
(B)
the circular white “”patch“” painted on their faces
251
The lead melodic instrument of the Beijing Opera is the __________, a two-stringed fiddle
made of bamboo.
(A)
jinghu
(B)
yue qin
(C)
erhu
(D)
chou
(E)
jingju
(A)
jinghu
252
The yang qin is a __________ from China common to the sizhu ensemble.
(A)
fretted plucked flute
(B)
two-stringed fiddle
(C)
fretless zither
(D)
bamboo flute
(E)
hammered zither
(E)
hammered zither
253
The dizi is a __________ from China common to the sizhu ensemble.
(A)
horizonatl bamboo flute
(B)
two-stringed fiddle
(C)
fretless zither
(D)
hammered zither
(E)
fretted plucked lute
(A)
horizonatl bamboo flute
254
The pipa is a __________ from China common to the sizhu ensemble.
(A)
two-stringed fiddle
(B)
pear-shaped plucked flute
(C)
fretless zither
(D)
hammered zither
(E)
bamboo flute
(B)
pear-shaped plucked flute
255
The erhu is a __________ from China common to the sizhu ensemble.
(A)
fretless zither
(B)
two-stringed fiddle
(C)
hammered zither
(D)
bamboo flute
(E)
fretted plucked lute
(B)
two-stringed fiddle
256
“”Silk and Bamboo”” is a reference to __________.
(A)
the organological classification of instruments used in the Chinese sizhu ensemble
(B)
the materials used to make the scenery and figures in Japanese bunraku puppet theatre
(C)
the Chinese gu qin, which is made of these materials
(D)
a Japanese membranophone struck with bamboo beaters
(E)
a Korean narrative theatre, known as p’ansori
(A)
the organological classification of instruments used in the Chinese sizhu ensemble
257
__________ is the major religion of Thailand.
(A)
Hinduism
(B)
Buddhism
(C)
Islam
(D)
Taoism
(E)
Animism
(B)
Buddhism