The network topology that allows only one-way links between layers, with no feedback
linkage permitted, is known as backpropagation.
The case study on chemical, biological, and radiological agents shows that expert
systems are widely used in high pressure situations where the human decision makers
are confident in taking quick actions.
In the Midwest ISO opening vignette, the solution provided by the model’s output
determined the best output level to be produced by each power plant.
Data that is collected, stored, and analyzed in data mining is often private and personal.
There is no way to maintain individuals’ privacy other than being very careful about
physical data security.
In the knowledge management system development process, storing the knowledge in
the knowledge repository precedes refining the knowledge.
In a decision making environment, continuous change always validates the assumptions
of the decision makers.
Time compression in a simulation allows managers to test certain strategies with less
risk.
The data scientist is a profession for a field that is still largely being defined.
In text mining, inputs to the process include unstructured data such as Word documents,
PDF files, text excerpts, e-mail and XML files.
Consistent high quality, higher publishing frequency, and longer time lag are all
attributes of industrial publishing when compared to Web publishing.
Sensitivity analysis seeks to assess the impact of changes in the input data and
parameters on the proposed solution.
Generally speaking, people intuitively estimate risk quite accurately.
During information extraction, entity recognition (the recognition of names of people
and organizations) takes place after relationship extraction.
Unlike other “black box” predictive models, support vector machines have a solid
mathematical foundation in statistics.
If linear programming can be successfully applied a problem, the output is usually
optimal.
The key benefit of knowledge management systems is not having to reinvent the wheel
for repetitive problems.
PCs and, increasingly, mobile devices are the most common means of providing
managers with information to directly support decision making, instead of using IT staff
intermediaries.
In the RFID case study, the key variable tested by the simulation model was quicker
availability of information about the location of various parts in the supply chain.
The basic rationale of artificial intelligence is to use mathematical calculation rather
than symbolic reasoning.
Flight pricing systems are examples of semi-automated decision systems that require
managerial input for each decision.
In the Gorry and Scott-Morton framework of structured, semi-structured, and
unstructured decisions, computerized decision support can bring benefits to
unstructured decisions.
In the financial services firm case study, text analysis for associate-customer
interactions were completely automated and could detect whether they met the
company’s standards.
Group collaboration software has proved generally ineffective at improving
decision-making.
Large companies, especially those with revenue upwards of $500 million consistently
reap substantial cost savings through the use of hosted data warehouses.
Social network analysis can help companies divide their customers into market
segments by analyzing their interconnections.
Visualization differs from traditional charts and graphs in complexity of data sets and
use of multiple dimensions and measures.
During classification in data mining, a false positive is an occurrence classified as true
by the algorithm while being false in reality.
Content-based filtering approaches are widely used in recommending textual content
such as news items and related Web pages.
In the Fluor case study, redesigning the process of reviewing engineering changes had
no discernible impact on the bottom line.
Bill Inmon advocates the data mart bus architecture whereas Ralph Kimball promotes
the hub-and-spoke architecture, a data mart bus architecture with conformed
dimensions.
Web-based collaboration tools (e.g., GSS) can assist in multiple stages of decision
making, not just the intelligence phase.
In the chemical, biological, and radiological agents case study, the CBR Advisor
program had all the following features EXCEPT
A) it could provide advice even incomplete information.
B) it was tailored to different types of users.
C) it was available online to the general public.
D) it was created by multiple experts.
Operational or transaction databases are product oriented, handling transactions that
update the database. In contrast, data warehouses are
A) subject-oriented and nonvolatile.
B) product-oriented and nonvolatile.
C) product-oriented and volatile.
D) subject-oriented and volatile.
Describe and define Big Data. Why is a search engine a Big Data application?
Which groupware tools are associated with synchronous use?
A) e-mail and web conferencing
B) VoIP and wikilogs
C) VoIP and instant messaging
D) Web conference and online workspaces
What does the scalability of a data mining method refer to?
A) its ability to predict the outcome of a previously unknown data set accurately
B) its speed of computation and computational costs in using the mode
C) its ability to construct a prediction model efficiently given a large amount of data
D) its ability to overcome noisy data to make somewhat accurate predictions
Today, it is critical for companies to consider
A) how to get products to the right customer.
B) how to sell products at the right price.
C) how to package products in the right format.
D) all of the above
In an LP model, what does the fourth hidden component contain?
A) product mix variables
B) slack and surplus variables
C) financial and accounting variables
D) constraint and limit variables
In the Luxottica case study, outsourcing enhanced the ability of the company to gain
insights into their data.
Why is the customer perspective important in the balanced scorecard methodology?
A) because dissatisfied customers will eventually hurt the bottom line
B) because customers should always be included in any design methodology
C) because customers understand best how the firm’s internal processes should work
D) because companies need customer input into the design of the balanced scorecard
The MYCIN Expert System was used to diagnose bacterial infections using
A) a simulation model that tried out many options.
B) a set of 500 rules on the subject.
C) an optimization model.
D) an expert system whose performance was inferior to human experts.
PageRank for Webpages is useful to Web developers for which of the following
reasons?
A) It gives developers insight into Web user behavior.
B) It is used in citation analysis for scholarly papers.
C) Developing many Web pages with low PageRank can help a Web site attract users.
D) They uniquely identify the Web page developer for greater accountability.
Which is an example of conditional knowledge?
A) what new part is appropriate to fix a faulty car
B) how to install a new part in a faulty car
C) when to install a new part in a faulty car
D) why a new part fixes a faulty car
How does Hadoop work?
A) It integrates Big Data into a whole so large data elements can be processed as a
whole on one computer.
B) It integrates Big Data into a whole so large data elements can be processed as a
whole on multiple computers.
C) It breaks up Big Data into multiple parts so each part can be processed and analyzed
at the same time on one computer.
D) It breaks up Big Data into multiple parts so each part can be processed and analyzed
at the same time on multiple computers.
In the design phase of decision making, selecting a principle of choice or criteria means
that
A) if an objective model is used with hard data, all decision makers will make the same
choice.
B) risk acceptability is a subjective concept and plays little part in modeling.
C) using well-designed models guarantees you success in real life.
D) optimality is not the only criterion for acceptable solutions.
All the following are negative aspects of working in groups EXCEPT
A) there can be a lack of coordination.
B) it is time-consuming.
C) participants may be afraid to contribute.
D) it is more difficult to catch errors.
Groupthink in a decision-making environment occurs when
A) group members all use the same analytic tools without having a choice.
B) group members accept the same timeframe for problem solving without
complaining.
C) group members all accept a course of action without thinking for themselves.
D) group members are all working together for the firm’s success.
The question “What advertising budget is needed to increase market share by 7%?” is a
type of
A) goal-seeking analysis.
B) what-if analysis.
C) sensitivity analysis.
D) utility modeling.
In which stage of the simulation methodology do you determine the system’s
boundaries and environment?
A) defining the problem
B) designing the experiment
C) testing and validating the model
D) constructing the simulation model
A search for alternatives occurs in which phase of the decision making/action model?
A) the design phase
B) the intelligence phase
C) the choice phase
D) the implementation phase
Prescriptive BI capabilities are viewed as more powerful than predictive ones for all the
following reasons EXCEPT
A) prescriptive BI gives actual guidance as to actions.
B) understanding the likelihood of certain events often leaves unclear remedies.
C) only prescriptive BI capabilities have monetary value to top-level managers.
D) prescriptive models generally build on (with some overlap) predictive ones.
What does the robustness of a data mining method refer to?
A) its ability to predict the outcome of a previously unknown data set accurately
B) its speed of computation and computational costs in using the mode
C) its ability to construct a prediction model efficiently given a large amount of data
D) its ability to overcome noisy data to make somewhat accurate predictions
In the world of Big Data, ________ aids organizations in processing and analyzing
large volumes of multi-structured data. Examples include indexing and search, graph
analysis, etc.
Which of the following activities permeates nearly all managerial activity?
A) planning
B) controlling
C) directing
D) decision-making
Which of the following is NOT an example that falls within the four major categories of
business environment factors for today’s organizations?
A) globalization
B) increased pool of customers
C) fewer government regulations
D) increased competition
What is one major way that Web-based social media is the same as publishing media?
A) They cost the same to publish.
B) They have the same immediacy of updates.
C) They require the same skill and training to publish.
D) They can both reach a global audience.
Under which of the following requirements would it be more appropriate to use Hadoop
over a data warehouse?
A) ANSI 2003 SQL compliance is required
B) online archives alternative to tape
C) unrestricted, ungoverned sandbox explorations
D) analysis of provisional data
For the majority of organizations, evaluating the credit rating of a potential business
partner is a(n)
A) strategic decision.
B) structured decision.
C) unstructured decision.
D) managerial control decision.
Allowing Big Data to be processed in memory and distributed across a dedicated set of
nodes can solve complex problems in nearreal time with highly accurate insights. What
is this process called?
A) in-memory analytics
B) in-database analytics
C) grid computing
D) appliances
The term “leaky knowledge” MOST accurately refers to
A) tacit knowledge.
B) explicit knowledge.
C) individual knowledge.
D) social knowledge.
What does self-knowledge in an expert system (ES) mean?
A) An ES understands itself in a very human sense.
B) An ES understands the human decision maker.
C) The ES can explain how it reached a conclusion.
D) The ES “knows” that it exists.
Which approach is most suited to structured problems with little uncertainty?
A) simulation
B) genetic algorithms
C) optimization
D) human intuition
In the BBVA case study, text analytics was used to help the company defend and
enhance its reputation in social media.
In the Luxottica case study, what technique did the company use to gain visibility into
its customers?
A) visibility analytics
B) data integration
C) focus on growth
D) customer focus
Content-based filtering obtains detailed information about item characteristics and
restricts this process to a single user using information tags or
A) keywords.
B) passphrases.
C) key-pairs.
D) reality mining.
How are descriptive analytics methods different from the other two types?
A) They answer “what-if?” queries, not “how many?” queries.
B) They answer “what-is?” queries, not “what will be?” queries.
C) They answer “what to do?” queries, not “what-if?” queries.
D) They answer “what will be?” queries, not “what to do?” queries.
HBase, Cassandra, MongoDB, and Accumulo are examples of ________ databases.
What are the three categories of social media analytics technologies and what do they
do?
Why have neural networks shown much promise in many forecasting and business
classification applications?
In creating a normative model, a decision maker examines all the alternatives to prove
that the one selected is indeed the best, and is what the person would normally want.
This process is basically known as ________.
The most common simulation method for business decision problems is ________
simulation.
What is mobile social network and how does it extend the reach of popular social
networks?
________ is a collection of concepts and ideas that are related to the development of
intelligent systems.
Describe the k-nearest neighbor (kNN) data mining algorithm.
Genetic algorithms provide a set of efficient, domain-independent search heuristics for
a broad spectrum of applications. List four possible applications for genetic algorithms.
A(n) ________ engine is a software program that searches for Web sites or files based
on keywords.
In the opening vignette, Cabela’s uses SAS data mining tools to create ________
models to optimize customer selection for all customer contacts.
________ chaining is a goal-driven approach in which you start from an expectation of
what is going to happen (i.e., hypothesis) and then seek evidence that supports (or
contradicts) your expectation.
________ analytics help managers understand probable future outcomes.
A DSS application can employ a data management subsystem, a model management
subsystem, a user interface subsystem, and a(n) ________.
One of the advantages of simulation is that a great amount of ________ can be attained,
quickly giving a manager some feel as to the long-term (1- to 10-year) effects of many
policies.
A major characteristic of a DSS and many BI tools (notably those of business analytics)
is the inclusion of at least one model. How does the text describe a model?
A DSS is typically built to support the solution of a certain problem or to evaluate an
opportunity. Describe three key characteristics and capabilities of DSS.
The programming algorithm developed by Google to handle Big Data computational
challenges is known as ________.
List four difficulties that may arise when analyzing multiple goals.