ʺDo your bestʺ will not motivate performance as affectively as ʺincrease sales by
fifteen percent.ʺ
Innovation, the successful implementation of creative ideas within an organization,
occurs gradually through a series of stages.
Whistle-blowers serve a valuable function by protecting the health, safety, and security
of the general public.
Stress is an avoidable condition that can be prevented through careful planning and
considerate management.
Management by objectives (MBO) will only be effective if the goals mutually are set by
all those involved.
People in different cultures express their emotions in very similar ways.
There is no evidence that companies that offer good employee benefits are more
profitable than those that do not.
The situational leadership theory specifies that a leader should assess the maturity of the
followers before deciding on a pattern of behavior.
A leader who is midway between autocratic and delegating is called permissive.
A large national university has five colleges – business, law, nursing, fine arts and
humanities, and computer engineering. Each of these colleges has its own
administration and faculty that are empowered to hire faculty and staff, recruit students,
and establish graduation requirements. This university would be classified as a
decentralized organization.
The dimensions of the Competing Values Framework are internal versus external focus,
and flexibility/discretion versus stability/control.
Cooperation is a personality trait. Some people tend to be more cooperative by nature
than others.
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1991 prohibits U.S. employers from hiring
undocumented workers.
Josh sincerely believed that his employer was fair and would give him a significant
bonus if his productivity increased by 15 percent. However, Josh has never been able to
meet the assigned target. Expectancy theory would measure Joshʹs instrumentality as
zero.
Cooperators are people who, by nature, are primarily interested in minimizing the
differences between themselves and others.
The effectiveness of OD techniques depends on the support of working-level
employees.
Electronic technology makes it possible for teams of people to operate across time,
space, and organizational boundaries. These working arrangements are called virtual
teams.
Healthy organizational cultures tend to have very low turnover.
Organizational behavior seeks to make organizations more profitable by addressing the
treatment of people and the way they do their jobs.
The purpose of affirmative action plans is to increase the employment opportunities for
qualified women and members of disadvantaged minority groups.
According to the dispositional model, employeesʹ attitudes towards their jobs change
from day to day depending upon their moods.
According to the competing values framework, an organization is said to have a clan
culture when it has a strong internal focus along with a high degree of flexibility and
discretion.
Deviant organizational behavior refers to actions on the part of certain employees that
intentionally violate the norms of organizations and/or the formal rules of society,
resulting in negative consequences.
Affective conflict has its genesis in the allocation of duties, resources, and
responsibilities.
The average of team member scores on the Big Five dimensions of conscientiousness,
agreeableness, extroversion, and emotional stability is positively correlated with the
teamʹs performance.
For learning to occur, there must be some permanent change in behavior resulting from
experience.
Research has shown that employees at all levels of an organization value and support
decentralization and participation in decision-making.
In operant conditioning theory, extinction occurs when an employee is terminated for
excessive unexcused absences.
Decentralized organizations, such as Internet companies, must have very hands -on,
task-oriented leaders.
The Managerial Grid identifies an impoverished management style as being low on
both concern for production and concern for people.
A high degree of commitment leads people to stay on their jobs and to show up when
they are expected to do so.
In assessing whether organizational development really works, it was found that OD
interventions generally are more effective among blue-collar employees than among
white-collar employees.
360-degree feedback relies on telephone lines, staffed by corporate officials 24/7, to
answer questions and receive feedback from employees.
A business that closes all of its U.S. facilities and relocates overseas is said to be
offshoring.
Behavioral theory has established that highly-skilled leaders combine both high
consideration and high initiating structure dimensions.
Organizations that consider their employees to be valuable only insofar as they
contribute to production are considered to have a toxic culture. Good employees do not
tend to remain in these organizations.
A major limitation of the functional organization is the loss of efficiency due to the
duplication of effort and resources.
Outsourcing occurs when an organization focuses on its core competency while
eliminating noncore sectors of the business.
Emotions are defined as unfocused, relatively mild feelings that exist as background to
oneʹs daily experience.
In a(n) ________ organization each division would be responsible for recruiting its
employees, while all the
recruiters would work together in the HR department at a(n) ________ organization.
A) emergent; neo-classical
B) traditional; efficient
C) product; functional
D) decentralized; centralized
Role ________ occurs when people are uncertain about several aspects of their jobs.
A) anxiety
B) conflict
C) ambiguity
D) juggling
According to affective events theory, peopleʹs job performance and job satisfaction are
influenced by
A) the way they are treated by supervisors and co-workers.
B) their assessment of the fairness of their work assignments, performance appraisal,
and income.
C) off-the-job situations such as family life and community events.
D) their positive and negative emotional reactions to events on the job.
The process of translating an idea into a form that can be recognized by a receiver is
A) transforming.
B) interpretation.
C) decoding.
D) encoding.
________ involves changes that are carefully planned and deliberate.
A) Strategic planning
B) Incremental change
C) Strategic analysis
D) Quantum change
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed in 2002 in response to accounting scandals such as
what occurred at Enron. It initiated reforms in the standards by which public companies
report accounting data.
________ is the process of formulating, implementing, and evaluating organizational
changes in ways that
enable an organization to achieve its objectives.
A) Management by Objectives (MBO)
B) Strategic planning
C) Decision analysis
D) Goal setting
The social ________ phenomenon means that as the number of people contributing to
an additive task
increases, the less each individualʹs contribution tends to be.
A) coordination
B) facilitation
C) dynamics
D) loafing
The tendency to treat others as they have treated us is referred to as
A) justification.
B) the golden rule.
C) pay back.
D) reciprocity.
Time and motion studies were designed to
A) find the one best way to perform jobs.
B) reduce the need for close supervision of workers.
C) set minimum qualifications needed by job holders.
D) establish piece-rate plans.
Based on a study of 5,000 individuals in 32 nations, in which of the following nations
were people most likely
to express emotions?
A) Indonesia
B) USA
C) Switzerland
D) Brazil
What is the purpose of an organization chart?
A) To separate authority from responsibilities
B) To delineate the organizationʹs functional areas
C) To illustrate line and staff positions
D) To represent an organizationʹs internal structure
Division of labor
A) encourages people to perform a variety of tasks.
B) is appropriate for smaller organizations.
C) permits people to specialize in one function.
D) promotes job satisfaction.
When meeting with clients, Felicity always wore a jacket and preferred to sit at the
head of the table. Felicity
was communicating ________ that she was the manager and not the secretary.
A) non-verbally
B) symbolically
C) with pride
D) conclusively
Research has consistently found that job dissatisfaction affects
A) employee withdrawal.
B) organizational commitment.
C) employee violence.
D) job performance.
________ are defined as working together all the time and not applying their special
knowledge to a wide
range of products.
A) Physical teams
B) Virtual teams
C) Cross-functional teams
D) Intact teams
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a healthy organizational culture?
A) Commitment to doing things well
B) Ongoing collaboration and integration between units
C) Integrity is questioned as a normal part of work
D) Mistakes are tolerated
The strength of group membersʹ desire to remain part of the group is an indication of
the groupʹs
A) satisfactoriness.
B) productivity.
C) cohesiveness.
D) stability.
William is sad because he failed a test. This is an example of a(n)
A) mood.
B) feeling.
C) emotion.
D) depression.
The culture of the organization, the behavior of the leaders, and group norms
collectively impact an employeeʹs
A) behavior.
B) moral values.
C) standards of conduct.
D) ethics.
Theory Y assumes that people
A) are motivated primarily by financial incentives.
B) are basically lazy and irresponsible.
C) have social needs that influence their choices of work and employment.
D) have a psychological need to work and seek responsibility.
Distributive justice focuses on peopleʹs beliefs that
A) they have been valued by others in an organization.
B) they have received fair amounts of valued work-related outcomes.
C) the organization acts impartially when deciding pay and benefit issues.
D) the outcomes they receive have been determined fairly.
Which of the following is true about happy CEOs?
A) They delegate important tasks to subordinates.
B) They tend to have happier people working for them.
C) They tend to empower others in their corporations.
D) Money is not their primary reason for working.
________ justice refers to the process by which outcomes are determined.
A) Comparative
B) Instrumental
C) Procedural
D) Distributive
Spencer just learned that his salary is $10,000 more than a co-worker whose job
performance is superior to his.
Equity theory would predict that Spencer would do any of the following except
A) continue to work at the same rate assuming that his work is acceptable.
B) quit.
C) raise his work inputs.
D) justify his higher salary cognitively.
Employers need to be concerned about job satisfaction because
A) satisfied employees are less likely to quit than those who are dissatisfied.
B) accurate performance appraisal often causes job dissatisfaction.
C) people are more satisfied when they are not required to work too hard.
D) a satisfied employee is more productive than a dissatisfied employee.
Expectancy theory claims that motivation is a function of
A) effort, performance, and rewards.
B) individual traits and supervisory skills.
C) aptitude, training, and opportunity to perform.
D) expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.
Which of the following define burnout?
A) An inability to cope which results in severe psychological damage
B) A syndrome of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion coupled with feelings of
low self-esteem
resulting from prolonged exposure to intense stress
C) Deviations from normal states of human function resulting from exposure to
stressful events
D) Heightened anxiety caused by pressures to process information and to perform
duties beyond oneʹs
physical and intellectual capabilities
At Jimʹs Steakhouse, it was learned that men dining alone tended to tip more than
family groups, and they didnʹt require as much clean-up following the meal. None of
the servers wanted to wait on families and instead competed for the male diners. To
encourage cooperation the manager should
A) do nothing and encourage the servers to work out a solution.
B) permit the servers with the most seniority to wait on the male diners.
C) institute quotas by giving each server the same number of family groups.
D) adopt team-based rewards by pooling tips.
Lower-level employees have little or no opportunity to make decisions in
A) top-down decision making.
B) empowered decision making.
C) rational decision making.
D) programmed decision making.
Stress resulting from the belief that one is required to do more work than can possibly
be completed in a
specific time period is referred to as
A) role overload.
B) burnout.
C) anxiety stress.
D) overload.
Which OD technique collects data, gives feedback, and develops action plans?
A) Attitude assessment
B) Data analysis
C) Management by Objectives (MBO)
D) Survey feedback
Without ________ people would not know what to do, and groups and organizations
would not be able to
operate effectively.
A) communication
B) leadership
C) strategic planning
D) organizational structure
The ________ approach recognizes that behavior in work settings is the complex result
of many interacting forces.
A) contingency
B) one-best-way
C) scientific management
D) open-systems
A personʹs beliefs about what is expected of another in a relationship is known as
A) trust.
B) a behavioral expectation.
C) an obligation.
D) a psychological contract.
Identify a transformational leader. He or she may be a politician, a business leader, or a
leader of a non -profit organization. What is unique about this person? What impact
does he or she have on followers and/or the community?
Define organizational commitment, and identify and describe its forms.
What are the basic steps in the strategic planning process? What is the likely impact on
an organization that does not implement a strategic plan?
Should management take steps to build organizational commitment? Explain.
Jose applied for a promotion to shift foreman but was denied. He claims racial
discrimination, but the plant manager said that his performance did not justify the
promotion. How can alternative dispute resolution be used to settle this grievance?
Traditional organizational structures emphasized division of labor. Is this a good
concept or not? What are the advantages and limitations of narrowing the range of
activities that job incumbents are required to perform?
Myrtle had a history of leadership success in college, in her sorority, and in her Church
youth group. After graduation, she accepted a position as departmental manager in a
large retail store. To Myrtleʹs shock, her subordinates did not respect her or respond to
her as manager. Why was she successful in one situation and a failure in another?
Discuss how managers should use discipline.
Assume that a debate could be held between proponents of equity theory and
expectancy theory. How would each representative respond to the proposition that
money is the most effective way of motivating performance?
What distinguishes a group from a collection of people standing in line waiting to pass
through airport security?
The director of admissions has received over 2,500 applications for next yearʹs
freshman class. The ideal class size is 400 freshmen, and in the past about 50% of
admitted students accepted an offer of admission. Describe an appropriate
decision-making process for the director.
Contrast the scientific management theory with the human relations movement.
A manufacturing firm asked your opinion about changing from assembly-line
production to team assembly. What should they consider?
Identify and briefly describe the organizational forms described by Mintzberg. For what
kind of conditions is each most appropriate and why?
Carlos is a scholar/athlete and is taking a full load in his senior year. He does not have
unlimited time to devote to his job search. With reference to decision-making theory,
how would you advise Carlos in his search for the ideal job?