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During starvation, or when following a very-low-carbohydrate diet, the consumption of
alcohol may cause hypoglycemia. Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor?
a. Alcohol breakdown depletes NADPH.
b. Alcohol breakdown favors the reduction of DHAP to glycerol-3-phosphate.
c. Alcohol breakdown diminishes formation of alpha-ketoglutarate.
d. Alcohol breakdown creates a high NADH:NAD ratio.
Colloid osmotic pressure attracts water into the plasma and is mainly due to _____.
a. large protein molecules
b. the pumping of the heart
c. sodium ions
d. chloride ions
Which water-soluble vitamin contributes to "intracellular cement" in the formation of
scar tissue and wound healing?
a. thiamin
b. riboflavin
c. vitamin C
d. vitamin B12
All of the following are required for fat digestion EXCEPT _____.
a. pancreatic lipase
b. colipase
c. bile
d. lysolecithin
Which of the following carbon bonds is digested by α-amylase?
a. α (1-4)
b. α (1-6)
c. β (1-4)
d. β (1-6)
What is formed when fatty acids are oxidized in the mitochondria (i.e., what is the end
product of beta-oxidation)?
a. glycerol
b. pyruvate
c. acetyl-CoA
d. triacylglycerol
When evaluating protein quality, which of the following measures represents the gain in
body weight on a test protein divided by the grams of protein consumed?
a. chemical score
b. BV
c. PER
d. NPU
Match each vitamer with its function.
Vitamer
1) 11-cis retinal
2) retinoic acid
3) alpha-tocopherol
4) calcitriol
5) hydroquinone (KH2)
Function
a. interacts with nuclear VDR to increase calbindin b. required for carboxylation of
glutamic acid
c. needed for binding with opsin in the photoreceptor rod cells
d. transported into nucleus to affect gene transcription of keratin proteins
e. donates hydrogens to terminate propagation of membrane lipid peroxidation chain
reactions
Undigested lipid in the stomach creates satiety because it
a. speeds the rate of emptying of the stomach.
b. delays the rate of emptying of stomach contents.
c. enhances gastric motility.
d. suppresses GIP and secretin.
Which specialized cell of the gastric epithelium secretes a hormone?
a. neck
b. parietal
c. chief
d. G-cell
Which ultratrace element, in pharmacological quantities, mimics the action of insulin?
a. boron
b. silicon
c. nickel
d. vanadium
Which of the components comprising the nephron includes the capillary network called
the glomerulus?
a. collecting duct
b. distal convoluted tubule
c. loop of Henle
d. Bowman's capsule
Vitamin B6 functions importantly in all of the following EXCEPT _____.
a. transamination of amino acids
b. synthesis of fatty acids
c. synthesis of niacin
d. glycogen breakdown
