A variation in a single nucleotide of a DNA strand is called a(n) ____.
a. RNA switch
b. thymine substitution
c. environmental mutation
d. single nucleotide polymorphism
e. replication failure
Matching
a. Liver
b. Villus
c. Goblet
d. Pylorus
e. Enzyme
f. Gastrin
g. Secretin
h. Capillary
i. Appendix
j. Diffusion
k. Epiglottis
l. Gallbladder
m. Carbohydrase
n. Hepatic portal vein
o. Hepatic vein
p. Ileocecal valve
q. Cholecystokinin
r. Active transport
s. Hydrochloric acid
t. Lymphatic system
1>Prevents food from entering the windpipe when swallowing
2>Organ that stores lymph cells
3>Controls the entry of chyme into the duodenum
4>Controls the entry of chyme into the colon
5>Enzyme that digests starch
6>Substance that helps make or break a chemical bond
7>A component of gastric juice
8>Organ that releases bile into the small intestine
9>Organ that synthesizes bile
10>Fingerlike projection of small intestinal lining
11>Type of cell that secretes mucus
12>Absorption mechanism that requires energy
13>Absorption mechanism that does not require energy
14>Connects an artery to a vein
15>Vessel that carries blood from liver to heart
16>Vessel that carries blood from GI tract to liver
17>Carries fat-soluble vitamins
18>Hormone that signals release of pancreatic bicarbonate
19>Hormone that triggers release of gastric acid
20>Hormone that signals release of bile
Lipids that are solid at room temperature are known as ____.
a. oils
b. fats
c. omegas
d. glycerols
e. phospholipids
Which product is considered a major source of polyunsaturated fat?
a. Corn oil
b. Palm oil
c. Peanut oil
d. Chicken fat
e. Olive oil
What is the role of omega-3 fatty acids in immune functioning?
a. Maintain healthy skin and other epithelial tissues as barriers to infection.
b. Regulate T-cell responses.
c. Help to resolve inflammation when it is no longer needed for the immune response.
d. Participate in antibody production.
e. Helps maintain an effective immune response.
Which of the following is a major contributor to the world’s supply of food energy?
a. Barley
b. Maize
c. Rye
d. Sorghum
e. Adzuki beans
Which of the following is a feature of meal eating?
a.Taking large bites helps to reduce food intake.
b.Faster eating correlates with higher body weight.
c.Total kcal intake in higher when meals are eaten more slowly.
d.Satiety hormones are blunted when meals are eaten more slowly.
e.Eating on a smaller plate increases food intake.
What dietary advice is appropriate for reducing fat intake?
a. Limit intake of all fried foods because they contain abundant fat.
b. Substitute crackers and cornbread for other starches because they are likely lower in
fat.
c. Consume foods with more invisible fat because this type of fat is not absorbed well
from the digestive tract.
d. Increase consumption of soups, such as cream-of-mushroom soup prepared with
water, because the fat content is usually very low.
e. Increase dairy consumption while decreasing consumption of fats from other sources,
because dairy fats do not contribute to disease.
What organ functions as the chief regulator of the body’s acid-base balance by
controlling the bicarbonate concentration?
a. Skin
b. Liver
c. Kidneys
d. Stomach
e. Pineal
For every decade after early adulthood, what is the percentage decrease in BMR?
a.2%
b.5%
c.10%
d.15%
e.20%
Which of the following is a characteristic of preterm infants?
a. They are often underweight and have difficulty breathing.
b. Even with adequate nutrition support, they rarely show catch-up growth.
c. If they are merely small-for-gestational age, they usually show catch-up growth.
d. They are typically born to women of high socioeconomic status.
e. Even very-low birthweight infants typically have good survival and outcomes.
Drowsiness in a person engaged in outdoor sports activities may be a sign of
a. heat stroke.
b. dehydration.
c. hypothermia.
d. exertional distress.
e. heat stress.
What fraction of eligible seniors participate in the SNAP?
a. 1/4
b. 1/3
c. 1/2
d. 2/3
e. 3/4
How many calories does a 16 ounce cafe mocha have?
a.200
b.300
c.400
d.500
e.600
a. 2 k. Caffeine
b. 5 l. Appetite
c. 18 m. External cue
d. 20 n. Stress eating
e. 25 o. Thermic effect
f. 100 p. Basal metabolism
g. 7000 q. Direct calorimetry
h. Fasting r. Indirect calorimetry
i. Satiety s. Specific dynamic effect
j. Hunger t. Adaptive thermogenesis
1)Approximate number of kcalories in 2 pounds of body fat
2)Technique used to measure the amount of heat given off when a food burns
3)Technique used to measure the amount of oxygen consumed when a food burns
4)Response to the smell of favorite food
5)Irritating sensation that initiates thoughts of food
6)A feeling of fullness after eating
7)Eating in response to arousal
8)Eating in response to the time of day
9)Energy needed to maintain the body at rest
10)A factor that lowers basal metabolism
11)A factor that raises basal metabolism
12)Approximate number of kcalories per minute expended by a person with a total
daily energy need of 2900 kcalories
13)Term that describes the energy needed to process food
14)Changes in energy expenditure consequent to changes in environment
15)The amount of energy in a 1000-kcalorie meal that is expended as specific dynamic
activity
16)Synonymous with the thermic effect of food
17)Maximum thermic effect of alcohol as percentage
18)The percentage decline in basal metabolism per decade of adult life
19)Body mass index of an adult of 180 lbs and 5 ft 11 in
20)Lower range of body fat percentage in normal-weight men
What is a blastocyst?
a. The 5-day-old zygote that becomes implanted in the uterine wall
b. The terminal end of the umbilical cord that attaches to the placenta
c. Fingerlike projections on the uterine wall that act to separate fetal from maternal
tissues
d. The network of placental blood vessels that exchanges nutrients and waste products
from mother to fetus
e. The structure that develops in place of the brain in an anencephalicinfant
What structure prevents reflux of stomach contents?
a. Pepsinogen
b. Gastric mucosa
c. Upper esophageal sphincter
d. Lower esophageal sphincter
e. Duodenum
What are the features of the DASH eating plan, and why is it thought to be effective in
the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure?
The embedding of the blastocyst in the inner lining of the uterus is called
____________________.
____________________ is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of
the small intestine that occurs in response to foods that contain gluten, a protein
commonly found in wheat, barley, rye, and possibly oats.
The process by which green plants use the sun’s energy to make carbohydrates from
carbon dioxide and water is ____________________.
____________________ responds to acidic chyme in the small intestine and stimulates
the pancreas.
Provide examples and discuss the importance of the five subgroups of the vegetables
food group.