Chapter 08: Health and Illness
Linton: Introduction to Medical–Surgical Nursing, 6th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is the basis for the health–illness continuum?
a.
Prevention of acute illness
b.
Individual response to health or illness
c.
Promotion of health and wellness
d.
Variation in degree of health or illness
2. What is the current concern of the health care system?
a.
Treating illness
b.
Preventing illness
c.
Promoting optimal function in the chronically ill
d.
Caring for patients with acute and chronic illness
3. What is the traditional view of health?
a.
Promotes optimal function
b.
Views health and illness as separate concepts
c.
Defines health as an absence of illness
d.
Emphasizes the prevention of disease
4. What is the current view of health?
a.
Promotes the highest quality of life possible, both mentally and socially
b.
Includes mental, physical, social, and emotional adaptation to the environment
c.
Includes the basic physiologic needs and self-actualization
d.
Relies on alternative therapies for the treatment and cure of diseases
5. During the initial gathering of data, a patient reveals a weight loss of 17 lb since the death of
his spouse 5 weeks earlier. He says that he is not sleeping and has no appetite. What category
of unmet needs should be considered by the nurse according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
a.
Physiologic
b.
Safety and security
c.
Love and belonging
d.
Self-actualization
6. What is the major advantage of using Maslow’s hierarchy of needs when planning nursing
care for patients?
a.
Establishes a nursing diagnosis
b.
Improves problem-solving techniques
c.
Prioritizes patient care
d.
Establishes priorities of care
7. A nurse points out that a physiologic response to stress involves the total body. Which
syndrome is this considered?
a.
General adaptation
b.
Local adaptation
c.
Negative feedback
d.
Total adaptation
8. What are the ability to solve problems and to maintain self-confidence and the willingness to
accept criticism incorporated in according to Maslow?
a.
Safety and security
b.
Self-esteem
c.
Self-actualization
d.
Love and belonging
9. A patient returning from surgery complains of incisional pain that is now rated 7 in intensity
on the 1-to-10 pain scale. What should the nurse be aware that pain exemplifies?
a.
General adaptation syndrome
b.
Local adaptation syndrome
c.
Counter-current response
d.
Neuroendocrine response
10. A nurse clarifies that a neuroendocrine response involves both the autonomic nervous system
and the endocrine system. Which syndrome is this considered?
a.
Local adaptation
b.
Total adaptation
c.
Acute adaptation
d.
General adaptation
11. Which syndrome includes the alarm reaction stage, resistance stage, and exhaustion stage?
a.
Local adaptation syndrome
b.
General adaptation syndrome
c.
Total adaptation syndrome
d.
Absolute adaptation syndrome
12. A nurse gives the example of when an individual becomes frightened and experiences an
increased heart rate and mental activity along with increased blood flow to the skeletal
muscles and dilated pupils. The person is experiencing an alarm reaction that helps the body
defend against stressors. What type of response is the alarm reaction considered?
a.
Positive feedback response
b.
Negative feedback response
c.
Fight-or-flight response
d.
Homeostasis response
13. A patient is being discharged from same-day surgery after a tonsillectomy. The nurse is aware
that the patient will be in the phase of general adaptation syndrome, in which the body begins
to heal after injury. Which stage is this considered?
a.
Alarm stage
b.
Resistance stage
c.
Exhaustion stage
d.
Initial stage
14. An anxious co-worker who is to present a comprehensive report to the hospital board on
innovative staffing patterns sits down at a table in the lunchroom and begins to tell you what
will be presented in the report. Which coping strategy is this co-worker using?
a.
Event rehearsal
b.
Problem solving
c.
Event review
d.
Social support
15. What is the best example for a nurse to use when explaining chronic illness?
a.
Acne
b.
Appendicitis
c.
Heart attack
d.
Asthma
16. A nurse assesses that smoking, drinking alcohol, and exercising compulsively may occur as
responses to a stressful situation. What type of response should this be considered?
a.
External
b.
Withdrawal
c.
Denial
d.
Internal
17. Which type of response is demonstrated when an individual seeks help from family, friends,
or a community resource during a time of stress?
a.
Internal
b.
External
c.
Physiologic
d.
Psychologic
18. What is the term for activities directed toward maintaining or enhancing well-being against
illness?
a.
Health promotion
b.
Health treatment
c.
Health evaluation
d.
Health assessment
19. A home health nurse is assisting a patient who is chronically ill with congestive heart failure
to reorder time. What is the best intervention to assist this patient?
a.
Encouraging the patient to get up earlier or to go to sleep later
b.
Developing a daily schedule that allows time for activities, as well as for medical
regimens
c.
Giving up time-consuming activities such as watching television or answering
e-mail messages
d.
Encouraging the patient to complete only one task a day
20. What type of illness are the common cold, appendicitis, and urinary tract infections
considered?
a.
Chronic
b.
Disabling
c.
Emergency
d.
Acute
21. What concept is believed to be the cause of illness with nontraditional therapies?
a.
Evil spirits
b.
Lack of harmony with the environment
c.
Deliberate abuse of the body
d.
Inappropriate diet
22. What is the first step in helping patients to increase adaptability?
a.
Assess past methods of coping with stress.
b.
Suggest using past coping strategies.
c.
Determine external coping strategies.
d.
Determine what the patient perceives as stressful.
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
23. How can a nurse assist when a caregiver is frustrated and is complaining of being
overwhelmed? (Select all that apply.)
a.
Taking over the care
b.
Referring the caregiver to a support group
c.
Seeking assistance from a home health agency
d.
Listening to the caregiver’s concerns
e.
Assisting in making a daily schedule for the caregiver to follow
24. What should the nurse explain as reasons why a person who is ill should be allowed to adopt
the “sick role.” (Select all that apply.)
a.
Exempt from usual roles
b.
Seeking attention
c.
Expected to get well
d.
Actively seeking remedy
e.
Using illness as excuse for failure
25. Why are nontraditional remedies becoming popular? (Select all that apply.)
a.
Many remedies are available without a prescription.
b.
Remedies do not interfere with traditional medications.
c.
Treatment modalities can be self-taught.
d.
Practitioners charge lower fees than medical physicians.
e.
Remedies are noninvasive.
COMPLETION
26. A tendency of biologic systems to maintain stability of the internal environment while
continually adjusting to changes is _____.
27. The term that a nurse uses to refer to persons who fail to maintain treatment protocols is
_____.
28. A nurse explains that a patient who is taking Valium for a nervous disorder but is also taking
passion flower tablets to combat symptoms is using a combination of traditional and
alternative therapy that is called _____.
29. A nurse describes yoga as an alternative therapy that creates a(n) _____ intervention.