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At body temperature and a PaO2 of 500 mmHg, how much oxygen can dissolve in the
plasma?
a. 1.5 vol%
b. 0.15 vol%
c. 15 vol%
d. 0.015 vol%
What is the definition of molecular water?
a. water in the gaseous form
b. water in the liquid form
c. water in the solid form
d. water in either gaseous or liquid form
What is the term for sleep periods of excessive depth or duration?
a. hypersomnia
b. cataplexy
c. sleep apnea
d. sleep paralysis
When chronic ventilatory failure with complete renal compensation is present, which of
the following will be within normal limits?
I. PaCO2
II. pH
III. HCO3-
a. II only
b. I , II, and III
c. I and II only
d. II and III only
In which type of hemoglobin is the iron in the ferric state?
a. methemoglobin
b. HbA
c. HbF
d. carboxyhemoglobin
From which structure does the descending limb of the loop of Henle originate?
a. proximal convoluted tubule
b. renal pyramid
c. collecting duct
d. peritubular capillary
In a healthy adult at rest, what is the normal duration of the PR Interval?
a. 0.12 - 0.20 sec
b. 0.04 - 0.08 sec
c. 0.08 - 0.12 sec
d. 0.20 - 0.26 sec
When breathing room air, what is the PN2 in the alveoli?
a. 573 mm Hg
b. 593 mm Hg
c. 700 mm Hg
d. 473 mmHg
By what amount does the cardiac output decrease after age 20?
a. It decreases 1% per year
b. It decreases 3% per year
c. It decreases 2% per year
d. It decsreases 4% per year
Which airways compose the noncartilaginous airways?
I. Subsegmental bronchi
II. Bronchioles
III. Terminal bronchioles
IV. Respiratory bronchioles
a. II and III only
b. I, II, and III only
c. II only
d. I, II, III, and IV
What of the following is one of the most prominent physiologic changes associated
with aging?
a. reduced airflow expulsion
b. decreased PaCO2
c. increased DLCO
d. decreased alveolar deadspace ventilation
What is the most powerful stimulus of the medullary respiratory centers?
a. increased H+ in CSF
b. increased PaCO2
c. decreased PaO2
d. decreased PaCO2 in CSF
Which flow pattern occurs in airways at low flow rates and low pressure-gradients?
a. laminar flow
b. turbulent flow
c. transitional flow
d. tracheobronchial flow
A patient has a reported SaO2 of 90%, hemoglobin 15 g%, PaO2 of 61 mmHg, cardiac
output of 6 L/min, and CvO2 of 14.2 vol%. What would the C(a-v) O2 equal?
a. 4.07 vol%
b. 5 vol%
c. 6.07 vol%
d. insufficent info provided to calculate
What does frequency multiplied by (VT-VD) equal?
a. minute alveolar ventilation
b. minute ventilation
c. physiologic deadspace ventilation
d. alveolar deadspace
Which hemodynamic meausrement would be most increased when a pulmonary
embolism is present?
a. mean pulmonary pressure
b. SVR
c. PCWP
d. LVSWI
Which leads monitor the electrical activity in the frontal plane of the heart?
I. Limb leads
II. Precordial leads
III. Modified Chest Lead
a. I only
b. II only
c. I and III only
d. I and II only
How are RBC levels affected by chronic renal failure?
a. Erythropoietin production is reduced and the toxic waste accumulation suppresses
bone marrow's ability to produce RBCs
b. The electrolyte abnormalities breakdown the RBCs and cause anemia
c. The renal acidemia breaks down the RBCs and the fragments impair the bone
marrow's ability to produce new RBCs
d. The level of erythropoietin level is stimulated from the chronic hypoxemia so
polycythemia results
Which of the following conditions are associated with chronic ventilatory failure?
I. COPD
II. Histoplasmosis
III. Kyphoscoliosis
IV. Chronic tuberculosis
a. I, II, III, and IV
b. I only
c. I, II, and III only
d. I and IV only
Under normal conditions, what is the osmotic pressure of the plasma?
a. 30 mm Hg
b. 55 mm Hg
c. 15 mm Hg
d. 5 mm Hg
Which law states that the amount of gas that dissolves in a liquid is directly related to
the partial pressure of the gas?
a. Henry's
b. Fick's
c. Dalton's
d. Graham's
With aging, what changes can be expected in the costal cartilages and thoracic
compliance?
a. costal cartilages calcify causing a downward slant of the ribs making the thorax less
compliant
b. costal cartilages become more compliant causing the thorax to become more
compliant
c. the costal cartilages remain unchanged but the thoracic compliance increases
d. the costal cartilages remain unchanged but the thoracic compliance will decrease
At what point in the ventilatory cycle would the intra-alveolar pressure be higher than
the atmospheric pressure?
a. expiration
b. end-expiration
c. inspiration
d. pre-inspiration
Which portion of the brain receives inhibitory signals from the Hering Breuer reflex?
a. apneustic center
b. PRG
c. DRG
d. VRG
At what point do the internodal tracts of the right atrium merge?
a. AV junction
b. SA junction
c. Bachmann's bundle
d. Purkinje fibers
Which artery supplies blood to the posterior walls of the ventricles?
a. posterior interventricular branch of right coronary artery
b. circumflex branch of left coronary artery
c. marginal branch of right coronary artery
d. anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery
What is the fourth leading cause of death in the USA?
a. COPD
b. cardiovascular disease
c. cancer
d. diabetes
Which abnormal atrial mechanism is associated with anxiety, excessive ingestion of
caffeine or alcohol and early stages of menopause?
a. atrial tachycardia
b. atrial bigeminy
c. atrial flutter
d. atrial fibrillation
What effect does aging have on PaCO2 in the healthy adult?
a. PaCO2 remains constant throughout adult life
b. It decreases 2 mmHg per year after age 45
c. It increases 2 mmHg per year after age 45
d. It decreases until age 75 then levels off.
What are the two major types of sleep?
a. NREM and REM
b. W and REM
c. W and NREM
d. Drowsy and REM
What is another name for the palatine tonsils?
a. faucial
b. pharyngeal
c. lingual
d. adenoids
What is the treatment of choice for post-extubation laryngeal edema?
a. aerosolized alpha adrenergic agent such as racemic epinephrine
b. antibiotics
c. cough medicine
d. long-acting bronchodilators
