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What effect do propranolol and isoproterenol have on CI?
a. Propranolol will decrease CI; isoproterenol will increase CI
b. Propranolol will increase CI; isoproterenol will decrease CI
c. Both will increase CI
d. Both will decrease CI
What is the acronym for a sleep study?
a. PSG
b. SS
c. SPG
d. PMG
What is the term for the relationship between alveolar ventilation and pulmonary
capillary blood flow?
a. ventilation-perfusion ratio
b. respiratory exchange ratio
c. respiratory quotient
d. respiratory rate
In which of the following disorders would the TET during an FVC likely be increased?
I. Asthma
II. Cystic fibrosis
III. Pneumonia
IV. Pulmonary fibrosis
a. I and II only
b. I, II, III, and IV
c. III and IV only
d. I, II and III only
What effect would hyperthermia and shivering have on VO2 and the O2ER?
a. Both would increase
b. Both would decrease
c. VO2 would increase and O2ER would decrease
d. VO2 would decrease and O2ER would increase
What waveform is recorded on an ECG tracing when an electrical impulse travels
perpendicular to the lead axis?
a. equiphasic
b. positive
c. negative
d. sawtooth
What is described by the following: "the movement of gas across the alveolar wall is a
function of the integrity of the alveolar-capillary membrane"?
a. diffusion limited
b. diffusion
c. perfusion limited
d. perfusion
In the adult male, approximately how many alveoli are present in the lungs?
a. 300 million
b. 600 million
c. 180 million
d. 130 million
Which of the following indicate a patient is ready to attempt unassisted ventilation?
a. MIP greater than -25 cm H20 and MEP greater than 50 cm H20
b. MIP greater than -25 mm Hg and MEP greater than 50 mm Hg
c. MIP lower than -25 cm H20 and MEP lower than 50 cm H20
d. MIP lower than -25 mm Hg and MEP lower than 50 mm Hg
Which of the following are true regarding high altitude natives compared to
lowlanders?
I. Natives have a lower P(A-a)O2
II. Natives have an increased DLCO
III. Natives have a lower PaO2 at rest and exercise
a. I and II only
b. I only
c. II only
d. I, II, and III
What does an RSBI of 110 indicate?
a. predicts failure on a weaning trial
b. predicts readiness to wean
c. error in calculation - impossible to obtain such a number for this index
d. insufficient information provided to make a conclusion
What type of epithelium is found in the oropharynx?
a. stratified squamous
b. pseudostratified squamous
c. pseudostratified ciliated columnar
d. cuboidal
What is the term for the ratio between the volume of oxygen consumed by tissues in
one minute and the volume of carbon dioxide produced and is a reflection of internal
respiration?
a. respiratory quotient
b. ventilation-perfusion ratio
c. respiratory exchange ratio
d. ETCO2/O2
What change would be expected in mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary
capillary wedge pressure during intense exercise?
a. Both should increase
b. Both should remain within normal limits
c. The mean pulmonary artery pressure would increase and PCWP would remain within
normal limits
d. PCWP would increase but mean pulmonary artery pressure would drop due to the
increased recruitment of pulmonary capillaries
What is the average blood volume in adult males?
a. 5-6 L
b. 3-4 L
c. 6-7 L
d. 4-5L
If an individual generates a flow rate of 4 L/sec by generating a transrespiratory
pressure of 6 cm H20, what would Raw equal?
a. 1.5 cm H20/L/sec
b. 0.67 cm H20/L/sec
c. 2.4 L/sec/ cm H20
d. 1.5 L/sec/cm H20
What is the recommended range of joules used by a biphasic defibrillator for the
tretament of VF?
a. 120-200
b. 60-120
c. 200-240
d. 240-300
At what gestational age does the placenta begin to develop?
a. at implantation of the fertilized egg
b. Day 3
c. Day 5
d. Day 7
Which phase of the action potential represents the relative refractory period?
a. Last half of Phase 3
b. First half of Phase 3
c. Last half of Phase 4
d. First half of Phase 4
In what cavity are the heart , great vessels, and thymus gland located?
a. mediastinum
b. pleural cavity
c. peritoneeum
d. pericardium
Which hemodynamic parameter is most significantly impacted by CHF?
a. PCWP
b. CVP
c. RVSWI
d. SVR
What is the general term for drugs that block the effects of the parasymphathetic
nervous system on the bronchial smooth muscle?
a. anticholinergic
b. beta adrenergic
c. parasympathomimetic
d. sympathomimetic
During exertion, how does the body compensate for the decreased compliance of the
respiratory system associated with aging?
a. increase the respiratory frequency
b. increase the tidal volume
c. decrease the respiratory frequency
d. decrease the tidal volume
When a positive pressure breath is delivered from a mechanical ventilator, how would
intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures be affected during inspiration?
a. Both would increase
b. The intra-alveolar pressure would rise while the intrapleural pressure remains
subatmospheric
c. Both would decrease
d. Both would remain constant at their resting levels
What is the primary stimulus of the peripheral chemoreceptors?
a. low PaO2
b. low PO2 of CSF
c. changes in PaCO2
d. H+ concentration of CSF
Compared to the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffering system in extracellular fluid, how
effective is the phosphate buffering sytem?
a. about one-sixth as effective
b. about 6 times more effective
c. about twice as effective
d. about half as effective
Which clinical anomaly is described as a bluish gray to purple discoloration resulting
from increased levels of reduced hemoglobin?
a. cyanosis
b. jaundice
c. mottling
d. vitiligo
Which of the following are prerenal abnormalities?
I. Prostatic hypertrophy
II. Renal ischemia
III. Septicemia
IV. Heart failure
a. III and IV only
b. II, III, and IV
c. I and II only
d. I, II, III, and IV
What is the normal range for specific gravity of urine?
a. 1.003 - 1.030
b. 1.030 - 1.30
c. 1.012-1.033
d. 1.00 -1.002
Which lung volume or capacity is the maximum amount of air that the lungs can
accomodate?
a. TLC
b. VC
c. IRV
d. FRC
Of the phases of the action potential, which phase represents rapid depolarization of the
myocardial cells?
a. Phase 0
b. Phase 1
c. Phase 4
d. Phase 5
Constriction of the ductus arteriosus occurs in response to
a. the newborn's increased PO2
b. the newborn's decreased pH
c. the increase in blood pressure in the left atrium
d. the increase in blood pressure in the pulmonary artery
What is the normal thickness of the alveolar capillary membrane?
a. 0.36 - 2.5 microns
b. 0.36 - 2.5 mm
c. 2.6-3.6 microns
d. 2.6 - 3.5 mm
