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What is the term for the total of all nights of lost sleep?
a. sleep debt
b. sleep latency
c. exhaustion quotient
d. sleepiness quotient
How would the body respond to a systemic capillary pressure of 22 mm Hg?
a. In response to the elevated pressure, fluid would leak into the tissue spaces lowering
the blood volume
b. In response to the decreased pressure, fluid would be absorbed from the interstitial
spaces to increase blood volume
c. In response to the elevated pressure, fluid would be absorbed from the interstitial
spaces to increase blood volume
d. 22 mm Hg is the normal systemic capillary prressure so no changes in blood volume
would occur
In order, what are the first three layers of the alveolar capillary membrane that an
oxygen molecule crosses?
I. Liquid lining the intra-alveolar membrane
II. Alveolar epithelial cell
III. Basement membrane of the alveolar epithelial cell
IV. Interstitial space
a. I, II and III
b. I, II and IV
c. I, III, and IV
d. II, II, IV
What is the inner layer of the wall of the pulmonary artery called?
a. tunica intima
b. tunica media
c. tunica adventitia
d. tunica externicus
Following emergency endotracheal intubation, what would an ETCO2 of zero indicate?
a. esophageal tube placement
b. correct endotracheal placement
c. right mainstem placement
d. left mainstem placement
Which of the following agents are considered to be negative inotropic drugs?
I. Propranolol
II. Dobutamine
III. Isoproterenol
IV. Atenolol
a. I and IV only
b. I. II, III. and IV
c. I, III, and IV only
d. I only
Which of the following are primary components of the upper airway?
a. nose, oral cavity, pharynx
b. larynx, trachea, and bronchi
c. nose, oral cavity, larynx and trachea
d. nose, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and trachea
Which of the following can be measured directly via a pulmonary artery catheter?
I. CVP
II. RAP
III. PCWP
IV. PVR
a. I, II, and III only
b. I, II, III, and IV
c. I and III only
d. II and IV only
What percentage of the elderly population is affected by a decreased cough reflex?
a. 70%
b. 50%
c. 30%
d. 10%
What is the normal range for the anion gap (in mEq/L)?
a. 9-14
b. 5-8
c. 15-18
d. 18-21
How does the Frank-Starling curve affect stroke volume during exercise?
a. The increased venous return causes cardiac chambers to increase in size and thus
contract with more force
b. The increased sympathetic stimulation causes the heart to be faster with smaller
stroke volumes
c. The Frank-Starling curve is only activated when the heart rate reaches 90% of the
maximum targeted rate
d. The Frank-Starling law only affects heart rate, not stroke volume
What volume of fluid is filtered per minute by the glomeruli?
a. 125 mL/min
b. 60 mL/min
c. 30 mL/min
d. 15 mL/min
What manuever is normally performed to prolong the duration of a breath-hold dive?
a. voluntary hyperventilation
b. voluntary hypoventilation
c. hyperventilation with helium
d. hyperventilation with carbon dioxide-oxygen mixture
In the upright lung of a normal adult, which zone is considered to be gravity dependent?
a. Zone 3
b. Top of Zone 1
c. Top of Zone 2
d. Bottom of Zone 1
In a healthy adult at rest, what is the normal range for cardiac index?
a. 2.5-4.2 L/beat/m2
b. 0.5-2.4 mL/beat/m2
c. 4.3 - 5.8 mL/beat/m2
d. 5.9-6.4 mL/beat/m2
With a PaO2 of 100 mm Hg at 1 atm of pressure, what amount of oxygen can
physically dissolve in 1 dL of blood?
a. 0.3 mL
b. 3.0 mL
c. 0.03 mL
d. 0.003 mL
Which of the following systems are capable of regulating alkaline substances in the
blood and restoring chemical buffers used in managing the H+ levels in extracellular
fluids?
I. Phosphate buffer system
II. Protein buffer system
III. Respiratory system
IV. Renal system
a. IV only
b. III only
c. I and II only
d. III and IV only
Which hemodynamic parameters would be decreased if a lung collapsed?
I. CVP
II. CO
III. SVI
IV. PVR
a. II and III only
b. I, II, III, and IV
c. I and IV only
d. I, II, and III only
What is the space between the true vocal cords called?
a. rima glottidis
b. vestibule
c. vallecula
d. choana
Which atrial abnormality is often seen in women during the third trimester of
pregnancy?
a. PAC
b. atrial bigeminy
c. atrial tachycardia
d. atrial flutter
If the bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio is 30 and the log of 30 equals 1.48), what would
the pH equal?
a. pH would be 7.58
b. pH would be 7.48
c. pH would be 7.148
d. insufficent information to calculate
Which peripheral proprioceptors play a role in initiating and maintaining an increased
respiratory rate during exercise?
a. proprioceptors in joints and tendons
b. proprioceptors in skin
c. proprioceptors in muscles
d. proprioceptors in muscles and skin
During a sleep study, which of the following monitors muscle activity?
a. EMG
b. EEG
c. EOG
d. ECG
By what age is the growth and development of the lungs complete?
a. 20 years
b. 12 years
c. 40 years
d. 4 years
When the PR interval consistently exceeds 0.20 seconds in duration and the QRS rate is
60-100, which abnormality is present?
a. first degree AV block
b. second degree AV block
c. complete AV block
d. asystole
.What is the primary function of erythrocytes?
a. transport O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs
b. transport nutrients and waste products
c. regulate pH of blood
d. form clots
What effect does stimulation of the parasympathetic neural fibers have on the
contactility and AV conduction of the heart?
a. Both contractility and AV conduction would decrease
b. Both contractility and AV conduction would increase
c. Contractility would increase and AV conduction would decrease
d. AV conduction would decrease and contractility would not be affected
In a healthy adult, what percent of the total FVC should be exhaled in 0.5 seconds?
a. 60%
b. 75%
c. 83%
d. 94%
In which portion of the kidney are the proximal convoluted tubules located?
a. cortex
b. medulla
c. hilum
d. renal pelvis
Which of the following circulatory changes are expected during exercise?
I. Rate and strength of cardiac contractions increase
II. Blood vessels in working muscles constrict
III. Blood vessels of peripheral vascular system dilate
IV. Blood vessel of heart and brain constrict
a. I only c. I, II, and III only
b. I, II, III and IV d. II only
What quantity of oxygen would be transported if Hb was 12g% and the SaO2 was
90%?
a. 14.47 vol% O2
b. 16.08 vol% O2
c. 19.8 vol%
d. 16.98 vol%
What is another name for the pharyngotympanic tubes?
a. auditory
b. adenoids
c. faucial
d. conchae
What substances are released when carbonic acid dissociates?
a. bicarbonate ions and H+
b. bicarbonate ions and OH-
c. bicarbonate ions and proteins
d. bicarbonate ions and water
What type of epithelium extends from the trachea to the respiratory bronchioles?
a. pseudostratified ciliates columnar
b. cuboidal
c. pseudostratified squamous
d. stratified squamous
