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Which ions account for over 90% of the positively charged ions in extracellular fluid?
a. Na+
b. K+
c. Ca+
d. Mg+
What is the term for the movement of gas from the external environment to the alveoli ?
a. ventilation
b. external respiration
c. internal respiration
d. osmosis
Using the normal values for DO2 and VO2 for a healthy adult, how long would it take
to deplete the oxygen stores in the body if an adult experienced a complete respiratory
arrest?
a. about 4 minutes
b. about 2 minutes
c. about 8 minutes
d. about 10 minues
What is another term for absolute shunts?
a. true shunts
b. relative shunts
c. deadspace
d. shunt-like effects
What are the primary functions of sleep?
a. to restore and repair the body and conserve energy
b. to hardwire memories and conserve energy
c. to allow time for the medulla and pons to be passive and inactive
d. to allow the cerebral cortex and cerebellum to be passive and inactive
Which epithelium lines the oral cavity?
a. stratified squamous
b. cuboidal
c. pseudostraified ciliated columnar
d. pseudostratified squamous
In a healthy adult, what is the average time required to exhale during a FVC maneuver?
a. 4-6 seconds
b. 1-3 seconds
c. 7-9 seconds
d. 10-12 seconds
What acid base abnormality would be expected in third trimester pregnancy?
a. chronic alveolar hyperventilation
b. acute alveolar hyperventilation
c. acute ventilatory failure
d. chronic ventilatory failure
Which of the following are classified as postrenal abnormalities?
I. Ureteral calculi
II. Bladder outlet obstruction
III. Fluid sequestration
a. I and II only
b. I, II, and III
c. I only
d. III only
Which type of hypoxia is characterized by a normal PaO2 with either a low hemoglobin
or a reduced oxygen carrying capacity of the hemoglobin ?
a. anemic
b. hypoxemic
c. circulatory
d. histotoxic
What does the cardiac output equal when stroke volume is 75 mL and heart rate is 80
beats/min?
a. 6000 mL/min
b. 5600 mL
c. 7500 mL
d. 4800 mL
What is the primary treatment for heat stroke?
a. Rapid reduction of body temperature
b. Rehydrate as rapidly as possible
c. Restore electrolytes as rapidly as possible
d. Reduce PaCO2 as rapidly as possible
.During exercise, how much variation would be expected to occur in the systolic blood
pressure?
a. increase by 20-80 mm Hg
b. increase by 40-100 mm Hg
c. increase less than 10 mm Hg
d. Systolic pressure would remain unchanged with exercise
What is the term for an abnormal collection of air in the abdominal cavity?
a. pneumoperitoneum
b. pneumomediastinum
c. pneumothorax
d. pneumopericardium
How does the work expenditure of a 60 year old to overcome static mechanical forces
during normal breathing compare to that of a 20 year old?
a. The work expenditure of the 60 year old is 20% higher than the work expenditure of
the 20 year old
b. The work expenditure is approximately equal
c. The work expenditure of the 60 year old is 200% greater than that of the 20 year old
d. The work expenditure of the 60 year old is only 80% of that of the 20 year old
What is the term for the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura?
a. pleural cavity
b. mediatinum
c. pericardial cavity
d. thoracic cavity
What effect will stimulation of sympathetic neural fibers have on heart rate and
excitability?
a. both will be increased
b. both will be decreased
c. heart rate will increase and excitability will decrease
d. heart rate will increase and excitability will be unaffected
Which vessel is the most commonly associated with massive hemorrhage following a
tracheostomy?
a. innominate artery
b. carotid artery
c. pulmonary artery
d. subclavian artery
How does advanced renal failure affect K+ ion and H+ ion levels?
a. Both are increased
b. Both are decreased
c. K+ is decreased and H+ is increased
d. H+ is decreased and K+ is increased
What is the alternate name of the acid base abnormality resulting from a decreased
HCO3-?
a. hyperchloremic metabolic alkalosis
b. hypernatremic metabolic alkalosis
c. hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
d. hypernatremic metabolic acidosis
Between age 30 and 80, what change occurs in the thickness of the left ventricle?
a. It increases by 25%
b. It decreases by 25%
c. It increases by 50%
d. It decreases by 50%
After birth, into what structure does the umbilical vein evolve?
a. ligamentum teres (round ligament) of the liver
b. lateral umbilical ligament
c. ligamentum venosum of the liver
d. ligamentum arteriosum
What is the term for the breathing pattern in which the depth of breathing increases?
a. hyperpnea
b. tachypnea
c. hyperventilation
d. Kussmaul's
What is the major component of the RBC that accounts for the red color?
a. hemoglobin
b. myoglobin
c. carboxyhemoglobin
d. methemoglobin
What is the name of the structure that secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth?
a. lingual frenulum
b. extrinsic lingual muscles
c. instrinsic lingual muscles
d. uvula
How many alpha and beta chains are present in a HbA molecule?
a. 2 alpha and 2 beta chains
b. 1 alpha and 1 beta chain
c. 141 alpha and 146 beta chains
d. 146 alpha and 141 beta chains
Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors located?
a. aortic arch and carotid arteries
b. lateral walls of medulla oblongata
c. lateral walls of pons
d. femoral arteries and aortic arch
Which structures connect the tricuspid valve leaflets to papillary muscles?
a. chordae tendinae
b. choanae
c. coronary ligaments
d. conchae
In a healthy adult at rest, what is the normal range for stroke volume index?
a. 30-65 mL/beat/m2
b. 60-130 mL/beat/m2
c. 20-120 mL/beat/m2
d. 40-80 mL/beat/m2
A patient with a gunshot wound arrived via ambulance at the ER with Hb 4g%, SaO2
98% on FIO2 1.0 and PaO2 of 503 mm Hg. What would her oxygen content equal?
a. 6.76 vol% O2
b. 20.1 vol %O2
c. 12.6 vol% O2
d. 9.8 vol% O2
What is another name for the coughing and chest pain that is associated with
decompression sickness?
a. the chokes (pulmonary decompression sickness)
b. the bends
c. squeezes
d. barotrauma
