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What does the presence of phosphatidyglycerol (PG) in the amniotic fluid indicate?
a. low risk of development of respiratory distress
b. high risk of development of respiratory distress
c. immature fetal lungs
d. uncertain fetal lung maturity
What is the normal pH range for venous blood?
a. 7.30-7.40
b. 7.40-7.50
c. 7.25-7.35
d. 7.35-7.45
At sea level, what would the alveolar pressure at end-expiration equal?
a. 760 mm Hg
b. 764 mmHg
c. 756 mm Hg
d. 0 mm Hg
At what point in a breath hold deep dive would the CO2-O2 paradox occur?
a. CO2 paradox occurs on descent, O2 paradox occurs on ascent.
b. O2 paradox occurs on descent, CO2 paradox occurs on ascent
c. both occur during descent
d. both occur during ascent
What portion of the FVC cannot be influenced by further muscular effort?
a. last 70%
b. first 70%
c. first 30%
d. last 30%
What change in ventilatory pattern is seen during the first stage of moderate exercise?
a. increase in alveolar ventilation within seconds after onset of exercise
b. increase in alveolar ventilation within minutes of onset of exercise
c. slight decrease in alveolar ventilation within seconds after onset of exercise
d. slight decrease in alveolar ventilation for first two minutes after onset of exercise
What is the second most numerous leukocyte in the blood?
a. Lymphocytes
b. Neutrophils
c. monocytes
d. eosinophils
With the end expiratory pause is factored in, what is the normal I:E ratio for an adult at
rest?
a. 1 : 2
b. 1 : 3
c. 1 : 1
d. 1 : 2.5
Which breathing pattern is often initially seen in lowlanders who ascend to high
altitudes?
a. Cheyne-Stokes
b. Kussmaul's
c. Biot's
d. apneusis
When acute alveolar hyperventilation is present, which of the following would occur?
a. PaCO2 is below normal limits, pH is above normal limits, and HCO3- is within
normal limits
b. PaCO2 is below normal limits and pH and HCO3- are within normal limits
c. PaCO2 is below normal limits, pH is above normal, and HCO3- is above normal
limits
d. PaCO2, pH and HCO3 are all below normal limits
When the pH of extracellular fluids is aciditic, how will the kidneys respond?
a. They will excrete H+ into the urine.
b. They will retain H+
c. They will excrete more HCO3
- into the urine
d. The kidneys have no role in H+ regulation.
When acute ventilatory failure with complete partial renal compensation is present,
which of the following would be true?
a. PCO2 above normal range, pH within normal range, HCO3 above normal range
b. PCO2 above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO3- within normal range
c. PCO2 above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO3-above normal range
d. PCO2 above normal, pH within normal range, HCO3 below normal range
When the radius of the bronchial airways decreases during exhalation, what change
must occur to maintain a constant gas flow?
a. The transthoracic pressure must vary inversely with the fourth power of the radius
b. The transthoracic pressure must vary directly with the fourth power of the radius
c. The transthoracic pressure must remain constant
d. The transthoracic pressure must vary inversely with the second power of the radius
Which of the following physiologic changes occur during sleep?
I. Colonic motility is decreased
II. Penile tumescence occurs during REM
III. Plasma growth hormones peak during Stage N3
IV. The heart rate can increase by up to 35% during REM
V. Cerebral blood flow decreases during non-REM sleep
a. I, II, III, IV, and V
b. I, II, III only
c. I, III, V only
d. II, III, and V only
What does an arterial pH of 7.48 indicate?
a. alkalosis or aklalemia
b. acidosis or acidemia
c. normal pH
d. insufficient information to assess
Which lung volumes or capacities would decrease in a restrictive pulmonary disorder?
I. IC
II. VC
III. TLC
IV. VT
a. I, II, III, and IV
b. I, II, and III only
c. II, III, and IV only
d. I and II only
Which sleep disorder can be treated with negative pressure ventilation?
a. CSA
b. OSA
c. RLS
d. PLMD
What is the term for Hb?
a. deoxyhemoglobin
b. oxyhemoglobin
c. methemoglobin
d. carboxyhemoglobin
Which of the following factors enhance sleep?
I. Elevated body temperature
II. Frequent work shift changes
III. Caffeine ingestion
IV. Moderate exercise
a. IV only
b. I, II, III, and IV
c. II and IV
d. III and IV
What is defined as "the time required to inflate a lung region to 60% of its filling
capacity"?
a. time constant
b. dynamic compliance
c. inspiratory time
d. maximum inspiratory time
What portion of the RR interval does the QT interval normal compose?
a. 40%
b. 20%
c. 30%
d. 60%
In the normal adult male, what is the hematocrit value?
a. 45%
b. 40%
c. 55%
d. 50%
What term is described as "a recorded measurement of time during a sleep study of
multiple physiologic variables"?
a. epoch
b. critical incident
c. circadian cycle
d. time cycle
Which of the following shunts compose true shunts?
a. anatomic and capillary
b. anatomic and relative
c. capillary and relative
d. anatomic and deadspace
What are the most important substances transported into the tubules by means of
secretion?
a. H+ and K+
b. H+ and Na+
c. Na+ and K+
d. glucose and water
Which pulmonary measurement is also called MBC?
a. MVV
b. PEFR
c. SVC
d. FVC
What is the average thickness of the Type I alveolar cell?
a. 0.1-0.5 microns
b. 0.1-0.5 mm
c. 1-5 microns
d. 1-5 mm
What does an anion gap of 18 mEq/L indicate?
a. metabolic acidosis
b. metabolic alkalosis
c. respiratory acidosis
d. lab error
Which test/method is considered most accurate for measuring RV?
a. plethysmography
b. open circuit nitrogen washout
c. closed circuit helium dilution
d. X-ray
What effect does FIO2 1.0 at 1 atm have on the half-life of COHb?
a. reduces half-life to less than 1 hour
b. reduces half -life to 2.5 hours
c. reduces half-life to 7.5 hours
d. reduces hal-life to 10 hours
