Where are eosinophils primarily located?
a. lining of the digestive and respiratory tracts
b. alveoli
c. above the vocal cords
d. kidneys, liver, and lining of therespiratory tract
What is the term for the C-fibers located near the alveolar capillaries?
a. J-receptors
b. A-receptors
c. D-receptors
d. L receptors
What does a sleep latency of less than 5 minutes indicate?
a. excessive sleepiness
b. emotional stress
c. illness or pain
d. medication overuse
What percentage of the amino acids in glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed into the blood?
a. 100%
b. 99%
c. 50%
d. < 1%
What is the name of the sac that encloses the heart?
a. pericardium
b. pleura
c. mediastinum
d. epicardium
Which of the following risk factors are associated with OSA?
I. Obesity
II. Female gender
III. Hypertension
IV. Enlarged tonsils or adenoids
a. I, III, and IV only
b. I, II, III, and IV
c. I and IV only
d. I, II, and IV
Which EEG waveform is called the “relaxed wave”, have a high voltage, and are often
seen in the drowsy patient?
a. alpha
b. beta
c. theta
d. delta
Which acid base abnormality is present if the base excess is calculated to be -9 mEq/L?
a. metabolic acidosis
b. metabolic alkalosis
c. respiratory acidosis
d. respiratory alkalosis
When do sawtooth waves appear?
a. Eyes Open Wake and REM
b. Eyes Open Closed and REM
c. REM and N1
d. Eyes Open Wake and N1
What is the basic term for the phase in which the heart is not generating an action
potential?
a. polarized
b. depolarized
c. contractile
d. conductive
What would MAP equal if a patient had a blood pressure of 140/95?
a. 110
b. 100
c. 95
d. 80
On an ECG tracing, what is an isoelectric line called?
a. segment
b. complex
c. waveform
d. interval
What does a score of 11 indicate on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale?
a. Additional evaluation by a sleep specialist is recommended
b. Normal score- no followup needed
c. Individual is getting enough sleep
d. No such assessment tool exists
Into what vessels do the interlobar arteries divide at the base of the renal pyramids?
a. arcuate arteries
b. interlobular arteries
c. afferent arterioles
d. peritubular capillaries
Which tests are used to differentiate between obstructive and restrictive lung disorders?
a. FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio
b. FEV1, MVV, and TLC
c. FEV1, FVC, FRC
d. MVV, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio
Which of the following are considered to be precordial leads?
I. Lead I, II, III
II. aVR, aVL, aVF
III. V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6
a. III only
b. I and II only
c. I only
d. I, II, and III
Which dysrhythmia causes a P prime wave on the ECG?
a. PAC
b. PVC
c. sinus arrest
d. sinus block
Which of the following contribute to elevated blood pressure in the elderly?
I. Increased total peripheral vascular resistance
II. Obesity
III. Sodium intake
IV. Stress
a. I, II, III, and IV
b. I and III only
c. I and II only
d. I, II and III only
What effect does stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system have on the body?
I. Dilates the pupils
II. Causes bronchodilation
III. Increases rate and force of cardiac contractions
a. I, II, and III
b. II and III only
c. I and III only
d. II and III only
In a healthy newborn, what is the hematocrit value?
a. 45-60%
b. 35-45%
c. 55-70%
d. 25-40%
Which portion of the brain triggers inspiration?
a. VRG
b. DRG
c. PRG
d. apneustic center
What are the final three layers (7-8-9) that an oxygen molecule must cross when
moving from the alveoli into the blood?
a. plasma of the capillary blood, the erythrocyte membrane, and the intracellular fluid in
the erythrocyte.
b. the liquid lining the intra-alveolar membrane, alveolar epithelial cell, and the
basement membrane of the alveolar epithelial cell
c. interstitial space, basement membrane of the capillary endothelium, and the
intracellular fluid of the erythrocyte
d. the interstitial space, basement membrane of the capillary endothelium, and the
capillary endothelium
During an acute asthma episode, a female patient arrived in ER and on room air was
found to have a pH 7.25, PaCO2 71 mm Hg, PaO2 27 mmHg. What effect would these
blood gases have on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve?
a. pH and PCO2 would shift the curve to the right
b. pH and PCO2 would shift the curve to the left
c. pH would cause left shift but PCO2 would cause right shift
d. PCO2 would cause left shift but pH would cause right shift
In which dysrhythmias would ff waves be present?
a. atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation
b. PAC and atrial tachycardia
c. atrial flutter and bigeminy
d. bigeminy and atrial tachycardia
What is the term for the movement of gas molecules from an area of high pressure to an
area of low pressure?
a. diffusion
b. osmosis
c. dispersion
d. ventilation
After what age do the alveoli start to progressively deteriorate and enlarge?
a. 30 years
b. 40 years
c. 50 years
d. 60 years
In which portion of the brain controls the rhythmicity of respiration?
a. medulla oblongata
b. pons
c. cerebral cortex
d. cerebellum
What is the half life of COHb on FIO2 0.21 at 1 atm?
a. 5 hours
b. 10 hours
c. 15 hours
d. 20 hours
Which of the following are central nervous system effects associated with oxygen
toxicity?
I. Tremors
II. Twitching
III. Convulsions
IV. coma
a. I, II, III, and IV
b. I, II, and III only
c. III and IV only
d. I, II, and IV only
What is the most common diving-related disorder encountered by divers?
a. middle ear barotrauma
b. decompression sickness
c. conjuctival hemorrhages
d. gastrointestinal barotrauma
During a young adult’s normal night’s sleep, how many sleep cycles would occur?
a. 4-6 cycles
b. 1-2 cycles
c. 3-5 cycles
d. 7-10 cycles
How does the ability of carbonic acid in changing the blood pH compare to that of the
bicarbonate ion?
a. twenty times more powerful
b. one-twentieth as powerful
c. six times more powerful
d. one-sixth as powerful
What is another name for the Hering-Breuer reflex?
a. inflation reflex
b. deflation reflex
c. irritant reflex
d. Head’s paradoxical reflex