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How is oxygen diffusion affected when pulmonary edema is present?
a. Diffusion is indirectly related to thickness of the a-c membrane so diffusion will
decrease
b. Diffusion is indirectly related to the thickness of the a-c membrane so diffusion will
increase
c. Diffusion is directly related to thickness of the a-c membrane so diffusion will
increase
d. Diffusion is directly related to the thickness of the a-c membrane so diffusion will
decrease
Which lung volume or capacity is defined as the volume of gas that can be inhaled after
a normal expiration?
a. IC
b. VC
c. TLC
d. IRV
At what level in the tracheobronchial tree are cilia completely absent?
a. respiratory bronchioles
b. lobar bronchi
c. mainstem bronchi
d. bronchioles
In a healthy adult at rest, what is the normal range for SVR in dynes x sec x cm-5 ?
a. 800 - 1500
b. 20-120
c. 120-500
d. 500-800
Which epithelium is present in the nasopharynx?
a. pseudostratified ciliated columnar
b. cuboidal
c. stratified squamous
d. pseudostratified squamous
In which of the following conditions would PaO2 be normal but CaO2 would be
reduced?
I. Chronic anemia
II. CO poisoning
III. Methemoglobinemia
a. I, II and III
b. I only
c. I and III only
d. I and II only
In healthy adults at rest on FIO2 0.21, what does the mean alveolar-arterial oxygen
tension difference equal?
a. 10 mm Hg
b. 20 mm Hg
c. 30 mm Hg
d. 40 mm Hg
In addition to pulmonary function meaurements, what can most often help the physician
in the differential diagnosis between obstructive and restrictive conditions?
a. complete patient history
b. chest x-ray
c. exercise tolerance
d. ABG
Which EEG waveform is called the "drowsy wave" and has a low voltage and low
amplitude and is predominant in N2?
a. theta
b. beta
c. alpha
d. delta
Which atrial abnormality results in an atrial rate of 130-250 bpm with a normal
ventricular rate?
a. atrial tachycardia c. atrial flutter
b. atrial bigeminy
c. atrial flutter
d. atrial fibrillation
How is the ventilatory response to hypoxia affected in healthy men over age 65?
a. It is decreased >50%
b. It is decreased 40%
c. It is decreased 20%
d. It is decreased 10%
By age 70, how much does the VC generally decrease?
a. 40-50%
b. 10-20%
c. 20-30%
d. 60-70%
Which of the following are examples of weak acids?
I. Acetic acid
II. Hydrochloric acid
III. Carbonic acid
a. I and III only
b. II only
c. I, II, and III
d. II and III only
What is the term for an increase in myocardial contractility?
a. positive inotropism
b. negative inotropism
c. positive chronotropism
d. negative chronotropism
In a healthy adult at rest, what portion of the total energy output is required for the work
of breathing?
a. 5%
b. 15 %
c. 25%
d. 35%
Which law states that the rate of diffusion of a gas through the liquid is directly
proportional to the solubility coefficient of the gas and inversely proportional to the
square root of the GMW of the gas?
a. Graham's law
b. Henry's law
c. Fick's law
d. Dalton's law
What is the term for the ability of cardiac muscle fibers to shorten in response to an
electrical stimulus?
a. contractility
b. conductivity
c. automaticity
d. excitability
How many bronchopulmonary segments are located in the lower lobe of the right lung?
a. 5
b. 4
c. 3
d. 2
What is the primary function of leukocytes?
a. protection against invading microrganisms
b. body temperature regulation
c. transport of nutrients
d. clot formation
What is the general term for the force required to move gas or fluid through a tube or
vessel?
a. driving pressure
b. transmural pressure
c. transpulmonary pressure
d. transthoracic pressure
What portion of the normal adult blood volume is contained in the heart?
a. 15%
b. 10%
c. 25%
d. 35%
What is considered to be the minimum acceptable FEV1/FVC ratio for older adults?
a. 65%
b. 75%
c. 83%
d. 90%
Which of the following conditions are indications for HBOT?
I. Clostridial gangrene
II. Intracranial abcess
III. Radiation necrosis
IV. Refractory osteomyelitis
a. I, II, III, and IV
b. I and IV only
c. II and III only
d. I, III, and IV only
What does the chemical formula (OH-) represent?
a. hydroxide ion
b. hydrogen ion
c. bicarbonate ion
d. phosphate ion
What is another name for pharyngeal tonsils?
a. adenoids
b. palatine tonsils
c. lingual tonsils
d. faucial tonsils
What effect, if any, would be expected from the topical application of phenylephrine on
the nasal mucosa?
a. vasoconstriction
b. vasodilation
c. bronchospasm
d. no known effect
In a healthy adult at rest, what is the normal range for right ventricular stroke work
index ?
a. 7-12 g m/m2
b. 0-7 g m/m2
c. 13 - 15 g m/m2
d. 16-18 g m/m2
Which of the following shift the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right?
I. decreased pH
II. increased body temperature
III. increased PaCO2
IV. decreased 2,3 BPG
a. I, II, and III only
b. I, II, III, and IV
c. I and III only
d. I and IV only
Which gas law states that at constant temperature, a volume of gas varies inversely
proportional to its pressure?
a. Boyle's
b. Charles
c. Gay-Lussac's
d. Henry's
In which breathing pattern is an individual only able to breathe comfortably in the
upright position?
a. orthopnea
b. tachypnea
c. eupnea
d. hyperpnea
What does an arterial pH of 7.30 indicate?
a. acidosis or acidemia
b. alkalosis or alkalemia
c. normal arterial value
d. insufficient information to assess
