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What is the minimum amount reduced hemoglobin that must be present for cyanosis to
appear?
a. 5 g%
b. 1 %
c. 3g%
d. 7g%
Which gas law can be used to calculate the changes in gas volumes and pressures
applied to diving?
a. Boyle's
b. Henry's
c. Charles'
d. Dalton's
Which of the following are considered to be weak bases?
I. Bicarbonate ion
II. Sodium Hydroxide
III. Magnesium Hydroxide
a. I only
b. I, II, and III
c. II and III only
d. I and III only
What is derived from the following formula?
(Hb x 1.34 x SvO2) + (PvO2 x 0.003)
a. CvO2
b. CaO2
c. CcO2
d. DO2
Which laryngeal cartilage is shaped like a signet ring and forms a large portion of the
posterior laryngeal wall?
a. cricoid
b. cuneiform
c. corniculate
d. epiglottis
Which of the following are symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea?
I. Loud snoring, snorting, or nocturnal choking
II. Moodiness, irritability, or depression
III. Excessive daytime sleepiness
IV Sexual impotence
a. I, II, III, and IV
b. I and III only
c. I, II, and III
d. I, II, and IV
What is the term for the occurence of two PVCs in a row?
a. paired PVCs or couplets
b. bigeminy
c. trigeminy
d. ventricular tachycardia
A 5 ft tall female who weighs 300 lb requires mechanical ventilation. If the prescribed
tidal volume for this patient's condition is 6 mL/kg IBW, where should the set tidal
volume be set?
a. approximately 290 mL
b. approximately 380 mL
c. approximately 520 mL
d. approximately 820 mL
What is the approximate osmolality of the juxtamedullary nephrons?
a. 1200 mOsm/L
b. 300 mOsm/L
c. 150 mOsm/L
d. 600 mOsm/L
Where does fetal lung fluid originate?
a. from alveolar cells
b. from aspiration of amniotic fluid
c. from maternal lymph vessels
d. from the stomach and esophagus
Which portion of the ECG tracing represents ventricular repolarization?
a. T wave
b. U wave
c. QRS complex
d. ST interval
What is another term for intraluminal pressure?
a. intravascular pressure
b. transmural pressure
c. driving pressure
d. back pressure
What portion of the normal adult blood volume is contained in the pulmonary
circulation?
a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 60%
d. 75%
What is the average lifespan of a RBC?
a. 120 days
b. 150 days
c. 90 days
d. 60 days
Which hemodynamic parameter would be most decreased when hypovolemia is
present?
a. CVP
b. PVR
c. SVR
d. CVP and PVR
Which type of epithelium lines the laryngopharynx?
a. stratified squamous
b. pseudostratified squamous
c. pseudostratified ciliated columnar
d. cuboidal
What portion of an adolecent's sleep time is spent in REM?
a. 20%
b. 30%
c. 40%
d. 50%
For a healthy adult at rest, what is the normal pressure gradient for oxygen across the
alveolar-capillary membrane when breathing room air at sea level?
a. 60 mm Hg
b. 6 mm Hg
c. 40 mm Hg
d. 46 mm Hg
Which agency offers a credentialing exam for the Sleep Disorder Specialist?
a. NBRC
b. AARC
c. CoARC
d. CAAHEP
What of the following primarily controls the phenomenon of hypoxic pulmonary
vasoconstriction?
a. PAO2
b. PaO2
c. central chemoreceptors
d. baroreceptors
What are the smallest of the formed elements in the blood?
a. platelets or thrombocytes
b. basophils
c. eosinophils
d. lymphocytes
What would the PIO2 equal at the summit of Mount Everest where the PB is 253 mm
Hg?
a. 43 mm Hg
b. 79 mm Hg
c. 100 mm Hg
d. 159 mm Hg
Which of the following are classified as renal conditions?
I. Acute pyelonephritis
II. Ureteral obstruction
III. Hypovolemia
IV. Renal ischemia
a. I and IV only
b. II only
c. IV only
d. III and IV only
Which laryngeal cartilage is primarily responsible for preventing food, liquids, and
foreign bodies from entering the lower airways?
a. epiglottis
b. thyroid
c. cricoid
d. corniculate
Into which color zone would a PEFR of 65% of personal best be placed?
a. yellow
b. red
c. green
d. insufficent info provided to determine
After age 20, how much does the FEV1 decrease for males?
a. 30 mL/year
b. 20 mL/year
c. 40 mL/year
d. 50 mL/year
What is the term for the vessels adjacent to peribronchovascular lymphatic vessels?
a. juxta-alveolar lymphatics
c. tertiary lymphatics
b. Type IV lymphatics
d. cardinal lymphatics
When chronic alveolar hyperventialtion is completely compensated, which of the
following would occur?
a. PaCO2 will be lower than normal, pH will be within normal range, and HCO3- will
be lower than normal
b. PaCO2 will be lower than normal, pH will be higher than normal normal range, and
HCO3- will be lower than normal
c. PaCO2 will be lower than normal, pH will be lower than normal range, and HCO3-
will be lower than normal
d. PaCO2 and pH will be within normal limits and HCO3 will be below normal
.What effect does late stage septic shock and decreased PCO2 have on SVR?
a. Both would increase SVR
b. Both would decrease SVR
c. Late stage septic shock would increase SVR and decreased PCO2 would not affect
SVR
d. Decreased PCO2 would decrease SVR while late stage septic shock would increase
SVR
Which of the following are periods of no gas flow during negative pressure ventilation?
I. Inspiration
II. End inspiration
III. Expiration
IV. End expiration
a. II and IV only
b. II only
c. IV only
d. I and III only
What is an alternate term for acute alveolar hyperventilation?
a. respiratory alkalosis
b. respiratory acidosis
c. metabolic acidosis
d. metabolic alkalosis
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