At rest, what portion of the muscle capillaries are dilated?
a. 20-25%
b. 2-5%
c. 30-35%
d. 5-10%
In the newborn, at what angles do the right and left mainstem bronchi form with the
trachea?
a. both form a 55 degree angle
b. both form a 40 degree angle
c. right forms a 25 degree angle, left forms a 60 degree angle
d. right forms a 60 degree angle, left forms a 25 degree angle
What is the reciprocal of compliance?
a. elastance
b. resistance
c. surface tension
d. viscosity
What effect does stimulation of the beta 2 receptors have on the pulmonary system?
a. bronchdilation
b. bronchoconstriction
c. vasoconstriction
d. vasodilation
What are indications for synchronized cardioversion?
I. Unstable atrial fibrillation
II. Atrial flutter
III. Atrial Tachycardia
IV. ventricular fibrillation
a. I, II, and III only
b. I, II, II, and IV only
c. IV only
d. I and III only
What device is most commonly used to monitor airway function at home?
a. peak flow meter
b. spirometer
c. blood gas analyzer
d. plethysmograph
Which anemia results from an inadeqaute dietary intake of vitamin B12?
a. pernicious
b. hemorrhagic
c. nutritional deficiency
d. hemolytic
Which maneuvers form a flow-volume loop?
a. FVC and FIC
b. SVC and SIC
c. FVC and PEFR
d. FEF and PIFR
What is the normal osmolality of glomerular filtrate?
a. 300 mOsm/L
b. 1200 mOsm/L
c. 150 mOsm/L
d. 600 mOsm/L
Which waves commonly appear toward the end of Stage N1?
a. vertex
b. delta
c. sawtooth
d. sleep spindles
What effect would upper airway obstruction have on ventilation-perfusion ratio, PAO2
and PACO2?
a. The V/Q ratio and PAO2 will decrease and PACO2 will increase
b. The V/Q ratio and PACO2 will decrease and PAO2 will increase
c. The V/Q ratio and PACO2 will increase and PAO2 will decrease
d. The V/Q ratio and PAO2 will increase and PACO2 will decrease
What changes in breathing patterns do patients with obstructive pulmonary disorders
with increased Raw and increased time constants typically adopt?
a. They decrease their respiratory rate and increase their tidal volume
b. The decrease their respiratory rate and tidal volume
c. They increase their respiratory rate and tidal volume
d. They increase their respiratory rate and decrease their tidal volume
What is the term for the ability of a cell to reach its threshold potential and respond to a
stimulus?
a. excitability
b. conductivity
c. contractility
d. automaticity
Into what structures does the pulmonary trunk divide?
a. right and left pulmonary arteries
b. right and left pulmonary veins
c. superior and inferior vena cava
d. right and left coronary arteries
What is the first subdivision of the renal pelvis called?
a. major calyx
b. minor calyx
c. papillary duct
d. renal pyramid
Which of the following systems are capable of eliminating fixed acids?
I. Phosphate buffer system
II. Protein buffer system
III. Respiratory system
IV. Renal system
a. IV only
b. III and IV only
c. I and II only
d. I, II, and IV only
What is the term for the electrical currents that travel across the cell membranes of the
heart?
a. action potential
b. nerve impulse
c. stimulus
d. conduction
What variance in RR intervals must be present to be considered sinus arrhythmia?
a. more than 10%
b. more than 20%
c. more than 30%
d. more than 40%
What percent of maximum can the respiratory system reach during extreme exercise?
a. 65%
b. 90%
c. 50%
d. 75%
Which structures are contained in the mediastinum?
I. Trachea
II. Great vessels
III. Portions of the esophagus
IV. Pituitary gland
a. I, II, and III only
b. I, II, III, and IV
c. I and II only
d. I, II, and IV only
Which acid-base abnormality would be present if the ABG revealed a pH of 7.52,
PaCO2 42, and HCO3- of 30 mEq/L?
a. metabolic alkalosis
b. metabolic acidosis
c. respiratory alkalosis
d. combined respiratory and metabolic alkalosis
In which structure would vibrissae normally be found?
a. nasal cavity
b. oropharynx
c. laryngopharynx
d. trachea
How do kidneys control an elevated sodium level in the extracellular fluid?
a. by increasing the secretion of ADH and stimulating thirst
b. by decreasing the secretion of ADH and stimulating thirst
c. by increasing the secretion of aldosterone and stimulating thirst
d. by increasing the secretion of aldosterone and decreasing the secretion of ADH
Approximately what percent of persons with chronic renal failure develop pericarditis?
a. 50%
b. 40%
c. 20%
d. 10%
Approximately what portion of the sense of taste is reliant upon the sense of smell?
a. 80%
b. 60%
c. 40%
d. 20%
Which flow pattern occurs in airways at high flow rates and high pressure gradients?
a. turbulent flow
b. laminar flow
c. tracheobronchial flow
d. transitional flow
What information can be obtained from a CBC?
I. Hemoglobin
II. Hematocrit
III. SpO2
IV. WBC Differential
a. I, II, and IV only
b. I, II, III, and IV
c. I and II only
d. II and IV only
What does the PH2Oequal in alveolar gas if the FIO2 is 0.21?
a. 47 mm Hg
b. 40 mm Hg
c. 100 mm Hg
d. 573 mm Hg
Which of the following can readily cross the blood-brain barrier?
I. CO2 molecules
II. Bicarbonate ions
III. H+ ions
a. I only
b. II only
c. I and III only
d. II and III only
How would a PO2 of 80 mm Hg affect the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve and
hemoglobin’s ability to transport oxygen to peripheral tissues?
a. the curve would not be shifted and oxygen delivery would remain normal
b. the curve would left but oxygen delivery would remain normal
c. the curve would shift right and enhance oxygen delivery
d. the curve would shift left and reduce oxygen delivery
During heavy exercise, what change in CO can occur?
a. It can increase 8-fold
b. It can increase 4-fold
c. It can increase 25-fold
d. It can increase 2-fold
What is the approximate hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillary?
a. 55 mm Hg
b. 15 mm Hg
c. 30 mm Hg
d. 5 mm Hg
To what structure does the upper portion of the thyroid cartilage attach by a membrane?
a. hyoid bone
b. tongue
c. epiglottis
d. mandible