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What is derived when the pressure difference between the mouth and alveoli is divided
by the flowrate?
a. airway resistance
b. surface tension
c. lung compliance
d. chest wall compliance
What would the partial pressure of oxygen equal in an air mixture at a depth of 99 feet
under water?
a. 159 x 4 or 636 mm Hg
b. 159 x 3 or 477 mm Hg
c. 159 x 2 or 318 mm Hg
d. 159 mm Hg
What is the term for two or more waveforms together on an ECG?
a. complex
b. interval
c. segment
d. deflection
What is the term for the bifurcation of the trachea?
a. carina
b. hilum
c. choana
d. concha
Approximately how many people living in the United States are 65 years of age or
older?
a. 40 million +
b. 30 million +
c. 20 million+
d. 10 million +
Which of the follwoing are components of the chemical buffer system?
I. Carbonic-acid buffer system
II. Phosphate buffer system
III. Protein buffer system
a. I, II, and III
b. I only
c. I and II only
d. I and III only
Which of the following is a subglottic airway obstruction usually caused by the
parainfluenza virus?
a. laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
b. epiglottitis
c. tonsillitis
d. pharyngitis
Which acid base abnormality would be a clinical manifestation of severe renal failure?
a. metabolic acidosis
b. metabolic alkalosis
c. respiratory acidosis
d. respiratory alkalosis
Which portion of the brain smooths the transition bewteen inspiration and expiration?
a. PRG
b. apneustic center
c. DRG
d. VRG
What would the minute alveolar ventilation equal if a 6 ft tall, 170 lb male has a VT of
550 mL and a respiratory rate of 11 breaths/min?
a. (550-170) x 11 = 4.18 L
b. (550 + 170) x 11 = 7.9 L
c. 550 + (170 x 11) = 1.87 L
d. 550 - (170/2.2) x 11= 4.65 L
What primary therapeutic effect does nitroprusside have on hemodynamic parameters?
a. It lowers afterload
b. It elevates afterload
c. It lowers preload
d. It elevates preload and afterload
In a healthy 20 year old male, what would the FRC equal?
a. 2.4 L or 2400 mL
b. 1.2 L or 1200 mL
c. 3.6 L or 3600 mL
d. 4.8 L or 4800 mL
When J-receptors are stilulated, what response is triggered?
a. rapid, shallow breathing pattern
b. slow, deep breathing pattern
c. slow inspiration with breath hold
d. rapid, deep breathing pattern
Which of the following are ways carbon dioxide is transported in the RBC?
I. Dissolved
II. Bicarbonate
III. Carbamino-Hb
a. I, II, and III c. I only
b. I and II only d. II only
At sea level, what would the PAO2 equal if the PB is 760 mm Hg, the PaCO2 is 40 mm
Hg with FIO2 1.0?
a. 673 mm Hg
b. 600 mm Hg
c. 573 mm Hg
d. 100 mm Hg
When degranulation of mast cells occurs and chemical mediators are released, which of
the following would occur in the lungs?
I. Increased vascular permeability
II. Increased mucus production
III. Smooth muscle relaxation
IV. Vasodilation with edema
a. I, II, and IV only
b. I, II, III and IV
c. I, II, and III only
d. I and IV only
At which airway generation do Canals of Lambert appear?
a. 16 - 19
b. 12-15
c. 6-9
d. 20-26
At what gestational age does the terminal sac period begin?
a. 24 weeks
b. 22 weeks
c. 20 weeks
d. 26 weeks
Which of the following can produce vasodilation of working muscles?
I. Adenosine triphosphate
II. Aldosterone
III. Acetylcholine
IV. Lactic acid
a. I, II, and III only
b. I, II, III, and IV
c. I only
d. IV only
What is the term for the cartilaginous airways?
a. conducting zone
b. respiratory unit
c. acinus
d. tracheobronchial tree
What term is described as "pulmonary perfusion in excess of alveolar ventilation"?
a. relative shunt
b. deadspace
c. anatomic shunt
d. wasted ventilation
Which of the lymphocytes produce antibodies?
a. B lymphocytes
b. T lymphocytes
c. NK lymphocytes
d. a lymphocytes
What would the DO2 equal if a patient has a CaO2 of 18 vol% and a CO of 6 L/min.
a. 1080 mL O2/min
b. 960 mL O2/ min
c. 333 mL O2/min
d. 618 mL O2/min
In the open circuit washout method, what gas mixture does the patient breathe for the
test?
a. 100% O2
b. 100% N2
c. room air
d. He-O2 mixture
What is the term for the uppermost portion of the upright lung?
a. apex
b. base
c. lingula
d. hilum
What changes would be expected in the ventilation-perfusion ratio in the presence of
excessive blood loss?
a. The ventilation-perfusion ratio will increase.
b. The ventilation-perfusion ratio will decrease
c. The ventilation-perfusion ratio will remain constant
d. The ventilation-perfusion ratio initially decreases will increase then will decrease
dramatically
Which law best explains the basic operation of the negative pressure ventilator?
a. Boyle's
b. Dalton's
c. Charles'
d. Hooke's
What is the relationship between VEDP and CO called?
a. Frank Starling curve
b. Bachmann's curve
c. Fick's curve
d. Doppler curve
What is the normal range for CVP in a healthy adult?
a. 0-8 mm Hg
b. 0-8 cm H20
c. 9-18 mm Hg
d. 9-18 cm H20
Which nerves supply the primary motor innervation to the right and left
hemidiaphragms?
a. phrenic
b. vagus
c. IX cranial
d. Thoracic nerves 1-3
Which of the following pulmonary disorders cause the alveolar-capillary membrane
thickness to increase?
I. Pulmonary edema
II. Scleroderma
III. ARDS
IV. Pneumonia
a. I, II, III, and IV
b. I, III and IV only
c. I and II only
d. I and IV only
What is the most commonly prescribed treatment for moderate OSA?
a. CPAP
b. surgery
c. weight loss
d. nasal decongestants
When acute ventilatory failure is present, which of the following would be true?
a. PCO2 above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO3- within normal range
b. PCO2 above normal range, pH below normal range, HCO3-above normal range
c. PCO2 above normal range, pH within normal range, HCO3 within normal range
d. PCO2 above normal, pH within normal range, HCO3 below normal range
