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Which lung volumes or capacities would decrease in an obstructive pulmonary
disorder?
I. IC
II. VC
III. IRV
IV. ERV
a. I, II, III, and IV only
b. I, III, and IV only
c. II, III, and IV only
d. I and II only
Which type of hypoxia results from an inability of tissue cells to utilize the oxygen
delivered to them?
a. histotoxic
b. circulatory
c. anemic
d. hypoxemic
In the fetus, where does the majority of blood flow go after leaving the right atrium?
a. left atrium
b. right ventricle
c. left ventricle
d. pulmonary artery
What effect does sudden pain have on breathing?
a. causes a short period of apnea
b. causes the respiratory rate to increase
c. causes a decrease in respiratory rate
d. causes an increase in tidal volume
At what lung capacity or volume should MIP be measured?
a. RV
b. TLC
c. FRC
d. VT
What is the best treatment for high altitude pulmonary edema?
a. rapid descent and oxygen therapy
b. oxygen therapy and rest
c. IV fluids and oxygen therapy
d. rest and IV fluids
Which test is the most commonly performed pulmonary function measurement?
a. FVC
b. SVC
c. MVV
d. Flow-volume loop
Which hormone is released from the kidneys in response to hypoxia?
a. erythropoietin
b. aldosterone
c. RHF
d. HVR
Which substance is reabsorbed by osmosis in the proximal tubule?
a. water
b. glucose
c. H+
d. K+
What is the normal value for ETCO2 in a healthy young adult?
a. 5%
b. 8%
c. 15%
d. 18%
From 97% and 90% saturation on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve, what change
occurs in the PO2?
a. It falls from 100mm Hg to 60 mm Hg
b. It rises from 60 mm Hg to 100 mm Hg
c. It rises from 27mm Hg to 40 mm Hg
d. It falls from 75mm hg to 60 mm Hg
How does fluid sequestration impact the kidneys?
a. Fluid sequestration leads to hypovolemia leading to a sharp reduction in urine output
and prerenal failure
b. Fluid sequestration leads to fluid retention resulting in an increase in urine output
resulting in prerenal failure
c. Fluid sequestration leads to an elevated BP, increases urine output, and leads to
prerenal failure
d. Fluid sequestration leads to fluid retention causing a drop in ADH release, an
increased urine output, and prerenal failure
What percentage of the atmosphere does carbon dioxide compose?
a. 0.03%
b. 0.3%
c. 3%
d. 0.003%
Which of the following compose the formed elements of blood?
I. RBCs
II. WBCs
III. Platelets
IV.Plasma
a. I, II, and III only
b. I, II, III, and IV
c. I and II only
d. I, II, and IV only
What is the term for the outer one-third of the kidney?
a. cortex
b. medulla
c. pelvis
d. calyx
During which sleep stage are night terrors and sleepwalking most likely to occur?
a. Stage N3 Deep Sleep
b. Stage N3 Slow Wave Sleep
c. Stage N2
d. stage N1
Which of the hemodynamic parameters are most affected by cor pulmonale?
a. CVP and RAP
b. CO and CI
c. SV and SVI
d. PVR and SVR
In GOLD (Global Initiative for COPD), which pulmonary measurements are used to
assess the severity of COPD?
a. FEV1 and FEV1/FVC
b. FEV1 and TLC
c. FVC and PEFR
d. FEV1 and FEF200-1200
Which of the following are functions of the larynx?
I. Passageway for gas
II. Protects against aspiration
III. Generation of sounds for speech
IV.Warming and filtration of inspired gas
a. I, II, and III only
b. I and II only
c. I and III only
d. I, III, and IV only
How is aerobic capacity affected by age?
a. It decreases 50% between age 20 and 80
b. It decreases 20% between age 20 and 80
c. It remains constant between age 20 and 80
d. It decreases 1% per year
How do the rates of diffusion of CO2 and O2 compare?
a. CO2 diffuses 20 times faster than O2
b. O2 diffuses 20 times faster than CO2
c. CO2 diffuses 10 times faster than O2
d. O2 diffuses 10 times faster than CO2
Into what vessels do the interlobular arteries branch?
a. afferent arterioles
b. efferent arterioles
c. peritubular capillaries
d. arcuate arteries
In a healthy individual, how is ventilation and perfusion affected by high altitude
exposure?
a. Both ventilation and pulmonary perfusion are increased
b. Only perfusion is increased
c. Only ventilation is increased
d. Ventilation is increased and pulmonary perfusion decreases slightly
Which pulmonary measurement provides a reflection of the integrity of the large airway
function?
a. FEF 200-1200
b. FEF 25-75%
c. FVC
d. MVV
What effect does a reduced ventilation perfusion ratio have on end-capillary PO2 and
PCO2?
a. end capillary PO2 will decrease and end capillary PCO2 will increase
b. end capillary PO2 will increase and end capillary PCO2 will decrease
c. end capillary PO2 and PCO2 will both decrease
d. end capillary PO2 will decrease while end capillary PCO2 will remain constant
What effect does tactile stimulation of the larynx have on breathing?
a. It causes temporary apnea
b. It causes hyperpnea
c. It causes tachypnea
d. It causes dyspnea
What is the body's most effective acid-base balance monitor and regulator?
a. renal system
b. respiratory system
c. pons
d. peripheral chemoreceptors
Which type of hypoxia is caused by hypoventilation, high altitudes, diffusion defects,
and V/Q mismatch?
a. hypoxemic
b. anemic
c. circulatory
d. anemic
What is one of the earliest clinical manifestations of prerenal failure?
a. a sharp reduction in urine output
b. a rapid rise in urine output
c. a sudden drop in K+
d. a sudden retention of HCO3-
At what age do pulmonary volumes and expiratory flow rates start to decrease?
a. 25 years
b. 40 years
c. 50 years
d. 60 years
Which of the following would occur in partially compensated metabolic acidosis?
a. pH, PaCO2, and HCO3- would be below normal limits
b. pH would be normal and PaCO2 and HCO3- would be below normal limits
c. pH would be above normal limits and PaCO2 and HCO3- would be below normal
range
d. pH would be above normal limits, PaCO2 would be above normal range, and HCO3-
would be below normal range
Of the precordial leads, which are considered to be the lateral leads?
a. V5 and V6
b. V1, V2, and V3
c. V4, V5, and V6
d. V3, V4, V5 and V6
On an ECG, what does a variation of 0.1 seconds between the longest and shortest RR
intervals indicate?
a. regular rhythm
b. irregular rhythm
c. SA block
d. atrial bigeminy
What portion of the urea in glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the blood?
a. 50%
b. 99%
c. 100%
d. <1%
