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What is the formula for calculating the maximum heart rate?
a. maximum heart rate = 220 - (age in years)
b. maximum heart rate = 250- (age in years x 2)
c. maximum heart rate = 220 - (age in years x 1.5)
d. maximum heart rate = 250 -(age in years +20)
What changes would be expected in the size of the heart chambers and heart mass of a
marathon runner?
a. Both would increase
b. Both would decrease
c. No change would occur
d. The size of the heart chambers would remain normal but the heart mass would
increase
What changes would be expected in the oxygen consumption and cardiac output when
muscle work decreases?
a. Both would decrease
b. Both would increase
c. Oxygen consumption would remain unchanged but CO would decrease
d. Both would remain unchanged
How many hours of sleep a day does an average newborn require?
a. 17 hours
b. 20 hours
c. 14 hours
d. 9 hours
Which respiratory reflex or center is triggered by strong emotions?
a. hypothalamic controls
b. peripheral proprioceptors
c. Hering-Breuer reflex
d. Irritant reflex
What portion of the total CO2 transported by the body is carried as carbamino-Hb?
a. 21%
b. 11%
c. 41%
d. 1%
What effect does maximum exercise have on oxygen diffusion capacity?
a. It can increase up to 3-fold
b. It can increase up to 10 fold
c. It can decrease by 33%
d. It can decrease by 10%
During a sleep study, which of the following monitors electrical activity of the heart?
a. ECG
b. EEG
c. EOG
d. EMG
What impact does the steep portion of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve have on
oxygen delivery?
a. PO2s below 60 enhance the release of oxygen from hemoglobin to the tissues
b. PO2s below 60 prevents the release of oxygen from hemoglobin to tissues
c. No oxygen can be released to tissues until PO2s are above 60 mm Hg
d. Oxygen binds irreversibly with hemoglobin until the P50 is reached
What is one of the primary goals of carotid sinus massage?
a. slow patient's heart rate
b. increase heart rate
c. increase blood pressure
d. relieve neck tension
Which alveolar cells are considered to be the source of pulmonary surfactant?
a. Type II
b. Type III
c. Type IV
d. Type I
Which type of anemia is due to a deficiency of iron in the diet?
a. nutritional deficiency
b. hemorrhagic
c. pernicious
d. aplastic
On which portion(s) of the right lung surfaces would the majority of lymphatic vessels
be located?
a. lower lobes
b. upper lobes
c. middle lobe
d. Lymphatic vessels are distributed equally on all lobes
What structure is formed from the interlobular veins?
a. arcuate vein
b. renal vein
c. peritubular capillaries
d. interlobar vein
Which system has up to two times the buffering power of all of the chemical buffering
systems combined?
a. respiratory system
b. renal system
c. gastric buffering system
d. hepatic buffering system
During a sleep study, which of the following monitors electrophysiologic changes in the
brain?
a. EEG
b. EOG
c. EMG
d. ECG
What is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration?
a. pH
b. HCO3-
c. acid
d. buffer
When electrical impulses travel away from the positive electrode, what would be
recorded on the ECG tracing?
a. negative deflection
b. positive deflection
c. straight line
d. equiphasic deflection
What does a hematocrit of 54% indicate for a 40 year old male residing at seal level?
a. polycythemia
b. anemia
c. normal value
d. hemophilia
What is the term for the unique ability of cells in the SA node to generate an action
potential without being stimulated?
a. automaticity
b. excitability
c. contractility
d. conductivity
What effect would hypercapnia and metabolic acidemia have on the pulmonary
vascular system?
a. Both would cause vasoconstriction
b. Both would cause vasodilation
c. Hypercapnia would cause vasoconstriction but metabolic acidemia would not affect
the pulmonary vascular system
d. Metabolic acidemia would cause vasodilation and hypercapnia would cause
vasoconstriction
Which of the following factors may predispose the elderly to anemia?
I. Replacement of red bone marrow in long bones with fatty marrow
II. GI atrophy
III. GI bleeding
Iv. Insufficient income to purchase nutritious food
a. I, II, III, and IV
b. I and III only
c. I, II, and III only
d. II and III only
Which structure transmits the electrical impulse from the SA node to the left atrium?
a. Bachmann's bundle
b. AV junction
c. bundle of His
d. Purkinje fibers
In relationship to acid-base balance, which molecules can be amphoteric?
a. protein molecules
b. phosphate molecules
c. hydoxyl molecules
d. bicarbonate molecules
What is the term for the point at which the intraluminal airway pressure is equivalent to
the pleural pressure surrounding the airways?
a. equal pressure point
b. airway compression pressure
c. maximum inspiratory pressure
d. dynamic pulmonary pressure point
What is the normal FEF25-75% for a healthy 20 year old male?
a. 270 L/min
b. 210 L/min
c. 370 L/min
d. 310 L/min
What are the functional units of the kidneys called?
a. nephron
b. glomerulus
c. medulla
d. cortex
What is the normal ratio of HCO3- to H2CO3 in the plasma of arterial blood?
a. 20:1
b. 10:1
c. 1:20
d. 1:10
What is the normal tidal volume and TLC of an average newborn?
a. Tidal volume 15 mL and TLC 155 mL
b. Tidal volume 40 mL and TLC 300 mL
c. Tidal volume 50 mL and TLC 400 mL
d. Tidal volume 75 mL and TLC 500 mL
Which type of anemia is due to blood loss?
a. hemorrhagic
b. hemolytic
c. pernicious
d. aplastic
