30. What upper-level service is required to utilize file and printer sharing in Windows?
31. What is the purpose of the Network Basic Input/Output System (NetBIOS) found in Window’s system?
NetBIOS is a Windows programming interface that allows computers to communicate across a local area
network (LAN). Most Windows OSs use NetBIOS to share files and printers.
32. What is the primary purpose of enumeration, and give three examples of information that can be acquired
through enumeration?
Enumeration is the process of extracting the following information from a network:
– Resources or shares on the network
– Network topology and architecture
– Usernames or groups assigned on the network
– Information about users and recent logon times
33. Why is enumeration a more intrusive process than port scanning or footprinting?
Enumeration is more intrusive because you’re not just identifying a resource; you’re attempting to access it. It
goes beyond passive scanning of a network to find open ports. Sometimes this process entails guessing
passwords after determining a user name.
34. What is a “null session” and how does it relate to Window’s systems?
Historically, one of the biggest vulnerabilities of NetBIOS systems is a null session, which is an
unauthenticated connection to a Windows computer that uses no logon and password values. Many
enumeration tools establish a null session to gather information such as logon accounts, group membership,
and file shares from an attacked computer. This vulnerability has been around for more than a decade and is
still present in Windows XP. Null sessions have been disabled by default in Windows Server 2003, although
administrators can enable them if they’re needed for some reason. In Windows Vista and Server 2008, null
sessions aren’t available and can’t be enabled, even by administrators.
35. Why do hackers pay attention to NetBIOS computer name suffixes?
The NetBIOS name suffixes correspond to the services, or resource types, running on a computer. Several
NetBIOS suffixes are critical because they identify the computer or server being enumerated as a standalone
computer or a domain controller. Hackers often exert more effort attacking computers identified as domain
controllers because they can offer more information, including logon names for user accounts and network
resources.
36. What is the Net view command and how can you use it?
The Net view command is a built-in Windows tool that gives you a quick way to see whether there are any
shared resources on a computer or server. Using the net view command, an attacker can view remote shares to
see the syntax for this command, type net view ? at the command prompt.
ANSWER:
DumpSec is a popular enumeration tool for Windows systems. The information you can gather with this tool