The concept of a human or moral right is central to the utilitarian ethical tradition.
From a strict market economic perspective, resources are ‘finite,’ and have to be used
efficiently to gain maximum economic benefits.
The most helpful way to compare and weigh the alternatives is to try to place oneself in
the other person’s position.
Unsafe products do not further the utilitarian goal of maximizing overall happiness.
Since audits are paid for by audited clients, there is an inherent conflict found in that
financial arrangement.
The best environment for high quality ethical decision making involves ‘thin air
thinking.’
Discrimination laws do not necessarily protect workers against adverse action based on
the identity of the person they married.
The first step in making decisions that are ethically responsible is to consider all of the
people affected by a decision, the people often called stakeholders.
The concept of property rights excludes personal information.
An ethics of virtue focuses on the actions of a person rather than the person’s
characteristics.
Stakeholder theory directly contradicts the social web model.
The ‘market’ version of utilitarianism argues that questions of safety and risk should be
determined by experts who establish standards that the business is required to meet.
The most important influence on workers’ commitment is salary.
‘Relative risks’ is determined by comparing the probabilities of harm involved in
various activities.
The doctrine of ‘˜employment at will'(EAW) holds that unless an agreement specifies
otherwise, employers are free to fire an employee at any time and for any reason.
Privacy is important because it serves to define one’s individuality.
Within business, an organization’s context sometimes makes it difficult for even the
best-intentioned person to act ethically.
‘A critical element of this step in the ethical decision-making process will be the
consideration of ways to mitigate, minimize, or compensate for any possible harmful
consequences or to increase and promote beneficial consequences.’ Which step is this?
a. Monitoring the outcomes
b. Considering available alternatives
c. Identifying the ethical issues
d. Comparing and weighing alternatives
Which of the following is an example of a firm that is failing its fundamental social
responsibility?
a. A firm that has its loss margins exceeding its profit margins
b. A firm that uses resources at unsustainable rates
c. A firm that is financially unstable
d. A firm that prioritizes environmental sustainability
Which of the following is a problem with utilitarian ethics?
a. Its need to count, measure, compare, and quantify consequences
b. Utilitarianism’s focus on the means
c. The focus on the good of individuals compared to the overall good
d. The necessity to follow rules with no regard to consequence
Which of the following duties of board members suggests that conflicts of interest are
always to be resolved in favor of the corporation?
a. Duty of care
b. Duty of good faith
c. Duty of candor
d. Duty of loyalty
Which of the following is true about the USA PATRIOT Act?
a. The act does not grant access to sensitive data with only a court order.
b. The act expands states’ rights with regard to Internet surveillance technology.
c. The act excludes provisions designed to combat money laundering activity.
d. The act does not enhance civil and criminal penalties for intentionally aiding
terrorists.
Identify the ethical tradition that directs us to act on the basis of moral principles.
a. Principle-based ethics
b. Utilitarianism
c. Virtue ethics
d. Consequence-based ethics
Which of the following is true about a compliance-based culture and/or a value-based
culture?
a. A compliance-based culture recognizes that where a rule does not apply the firm must
rely on the personal integrity of its workforce when decisions need to be made.
b. A values-based culture is one that reinforces a particular set of rules rather than a
particular set of values.
c. Values-based organizations include a compliance structure.
d. Value-based organizations do not have codes of conduct.
Which of the following refers to the growing marketing practice of taking back one’s
products after their useful life?
a. Reintermediation
b. Reverse channels
c. Disintermediation
d. Forward integration
The law relating to affirmative action applies only to about 20 percent of the workforce
who are subject to Executive Order 11246, which requires affirmative action efforts to
ensure equal opportunity. Which of the following is required by courts in order to
remedy a finding of past discrimination, when Executive Order 11246 is not applicable?
a. Voluntary affirmative action
b. Judicial affirmative action
c. Quasi-affirmative action
d. Executive affirmation action
The philanthropic model in which business support for a social cause is done because it
is the right thing to do differs from the reputational version only in terms of the:
a. level of social good done.
b. underlying motivation.
c. reach of the social good done.
d. medium used.
Which of the following causes inadequacy in ad hoc attempts’”internalizing external
costs and assigning property rights to unowned goods such as wild species’”to repair
market failures?
a. The backcasting problem
b. The fungibility problem
c. The biomimicry problem
d. The first-generation problem
Which of the following provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act mandates majority of
independents on any board and total absence of current or prior business relationships?
a. Section 407
b. Section 301
c. Section 406
d. Section 307
Which of the following is true of the COSO controls and the Sarbanes-Oxley
requirements?
a. They result in less transparency in ensuring ethical corporate governance.
b. They encourage greater accountability for financial stewardship.
c. They result in a lesser emphasis to prevent any financial misconduct.
d. They do not impact executives, boards, and internal audits.
The Triple Bottom Line approach involves measuring business success of sustainable
businesses and sustainable economic development in terms of:
a. economic, legal, and environmental sustainability.
b. economic, ethical, and environmental sustainability.
c. economic, legal, and competitive sustainability.
d. legal, competitive, and environmental sustainability.
_____ refers to the body of law comprised of the decisions handed down by courts,
rather than specified in any particular statutes or regulations.
a. Statutory law
b. Common law
c. Civil law
d. Constitutional law
Before environmental legislation was enacted, the primary legal avenue open for
addressing environmental concerns was:
a. tort law.
b. international law.
c. public law.
d. criminal law.
Which of the following is an example of reverse discrimination in America?
a. An African-American interviewer rejects another African-American based on
ethnicity.
b. A female interviewer rejects a male interviewee because of gender.
c. A white interviewer rejects an African-American based on ethnicity.
d. A female interviewer rejects another female interviewee because of gender.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) stipulates that employers
can use ‘protected health information’ in making employment decisions without prior
consent.
Which of the following best describes ethics?
a. An academic discipline which originated in the early 1900s
b. A descriptive approach that provides an account of how and why people do act the
way they do
c. The study of how human beings should properly live their lives
d. A descriptive approach such as psychology and sociology
_____ occurs when decision makers fail to notice gradual changes over time.
Explain the role of sciences in the study of ethics.
Outline the thought process of responsible persons comparing and weighing alternatives
while considering the effects of a decision on their own integrity and character.
Briefly explain the concept of virtue ethics.
_____ serve the ends of human well-being.
What are the implications of sustainability in the integrative model of CSR?
Define ethics. How is it different from social sciences such as psychology and
sociology?