e The major purpose(s) of factor analysis is
a. to indicate on which observed variables entities differ most.
b. to identify the dimensions that underlie constructs.
c. to summarize the important information in a set of variables by a new smaller set of
variables.
d. all of the above.
e. b and c above.
The most fundamental weakness of the time series experiment is the failure to control
for
a. maturation.
b. history.
c. selection bias.
d. the main testing effect.
e. experimental mortality.
Research designs
a. should be strictly limited to the three classifications of exploratory, descriptive and
causal because a given study should serve only one purpose.
b. should stem from the problem.
c. are productive in a given problem setting no matter how the principles are applied.
d. should not be modified to suit specific purposes.
e. are specific in that they instruct the researcher in terms of the single, best way to
proceed in a given study.
Descriptive studies are not useful in causal research because
a. equivalency of the control and experiment groups before observation cannot be
substantiated.
b. concomitant variation cannot be observed.
c. the effects of the extraneous variables cannot be controlled.
d. they are post facto research studies.
e. a, c, and d are true.
A test necessarily lacks content validity when
a. it does not successfully predict the criterion.
b. it is made up of a statistically significant selected sample of items from a large
collection of items.
c. it has excellent “face validity”.
d. it is made up of a random selection of items from a population of items.
e. it is made up of items which do not represent the domain of the construct.
After the judges have completed sorting the statements with the method of
equal’‘appearing intervals, the researcher uses the scale values and measures of
dispersion to
a. select a subset of judges to develop the final instrument.
b. select a number of judges to act as a panel.
c. determine which judges did not take the tasks seriously.
d. select a number of statements which need to be improved.
e. select a subset of statements to serve as a final instrument.
When a research design is of the form:
X1 01
X2 02
03
the samples are
a. large.
b. small.
c. dependent.
d. analyzed in pairs.
e. independent.
Which of the following statements is FALSE with regard to developing a measure that
exhibits content validity?
a. The domain of the characteristic must be conceptually defined.
b. The literature can be examined to determine how the variable has been defined and
used.
c. The reliability of items drawn from previous research must be assessed to determine
the appropriateness of including these old items with the new items being developed.
d. The researcher should formulate a large collection of items that represent the variable
as defined.
e. It is important to sample the domain of the construct.
The distinguishing feature of nonprobability sampling plans is that
a. they allow an assessment of sampling error
b. they are not as representative of the population as probability samples
c. they involve personal judgement somewhere in the selection of sample elements
d. there is only one basic type of nonprobability sample while there are several types of
probability samples
e. they tend to be more expensive than probability samples
Which of the following is TRUE?
a. A valid measure is reliable and vice versa.
b. If the random error (XR) is zero, a measure is both reliable and valid.
c. The evaluation of the reliability of a measuring instrument requires a determination
of the consistency of independent but comparable measures of the same individual,
group, or situation.
d. a and c.
e. b and c.
Which of the following about ordinal data is TRUE?
a. An ordinal scale implies order but not identity.
b. The attribute being measured must possess the ordinal property to allow ordinal
scaling that is meaningful.
c. With an ordinal scale we can say the difference between the first and second is the
same as the difference between the second and the third.
d. The calculation of means is appropriate with ordinal data.
e. Grade point average is a good example of an ordinal scale.
The parametric statistical procedures are appropriate if the data is
a. dependent.
b. metric.
c. nominally scaled.
d. ordinally scaled.
e. none of the above.
Which of the following is FALSE?
a. One problem with all questionnaires is that a question and the way it is asked will
affect the response.
b. Initial pretests are best done by personal interview even if the survey is to be handled
by mail or telephone.
c. Initial pretests are best done by personal interview unless the survey is to be handled
by mail.
d. a and b.
e. a and c.
When a researcher tries to ensure that the changes observed in the effect variable are
reproducible in other situations, the researcher is attempting to enhance the
experiment’s
a. internal validity.
b. convergent validity.
c. external validity.
d. construct validity.
e. none of the above are correct.
Distribution if Ho is true
In the above diagram which area shows the probability of making a Type I error?
a. BC
b. BA
c. A
d. B
e. BD
Which of the following are NOT projective techniques?
a. sentence completion tasks
b. depth interviews
c. word association tasks
d. story telling
e. Thematic Apperception Tests