19) That only large, well-established corporations have access to securities markets
A) explains why indirect finance is such an important source of external funds for
businesses
B) can be explained by the problem of moral hazard
C) can be explained by government regulations that prohibit small firms from acquiring
funds in securities markets
D) explains why newer and smaller corporations rely so heavily on the new issues
market for funds
20) If your nominal income in 2002 was $50,000, and prices doubled between 2002 and
2011, to have the same real income, your nominal income in 2011 must be
A) $50,000
B) $75,000
C) $90,000
D) $100,000
21) If an individual moves money from a money market deposit account to currency,
A) M1 increases and M2 stays the same
B) M1 stays the same and M2 increases
C) M1 stays the same and M2 stays the same
D) M1 increases and M2 decreases
22) A capital ________ can promote financial instability in an emerging-market country
because it can lead to a lending boom and excessive risk-taking on the part of banks,
which helps trigger a ________.
A) inflow; financial crisis
B) inflow; currency devaluation
C) outflow; financial crisis
D) outflow; currency devaluation
23) The equation that shows the amount of the monetary base needed to support
existing levels of checkable deposits, excess reserves, and currency is
A) MB = (rr D) + ER + C