A) negative technology shocks are uncommon and can’t explain all business cycle
fluctuations.
B) positive technology shocks actually push real GDP above the economy’s potential
GDP.
C) negative technology shocks actually push real GDP below the economy’s potential
GDP
D) this model relies too heavily on monetary explanations for fluctuations in real GDP.
Figure 12-5
Figure 12-5 shows cost and demand
curves facing a typical firm in a constant-cost, perfectly competitive industry. If the
firm’s fixed cost increases by $1,000 due to a new environmental regulation, what
happens in the diagram above?
A) All the cost curves shift upward.
B) Only the average variable cost and average total cost curves shift upward; marginal
cost is not affected.
C) Only the average total cost curve shifts upward; the marginal cost and average
variable cost curves are not affected.
D) None of the curves shifts; only the fixed cost curve, which is not shown here, is
affected.