The impact of crowding out
A) is larger in a closed economy as compared to an open economy.
B) is larger in an open economy as compared to a closed economy.
C) is larger in an open economy as compared to a closed economy when fiscal policy is
contractionary.
D) is larger in a closed economy as compared to an open economy when fiscal policy is
contractionary.
Article Summary
Starting as a Chicago antique store that sold sandwiches on the side, Potbelly has grown
from this 1977 beginning into a company which today operates approximately 300
sandwich shops in the United States. In October 2013, Potbelly sold stock for the first
time through an initial public offering (IPO), with shares jumping in price from the
initial offering price of $14 to more than $32 on the same day. Since 2011, Potbelly has
seen an increase in both sales and revenue, and earned a profit of $2.8 million in the
first half of 2013.
Source: Matt Krantz, “Potbelly IPO shares more than double on open,” USA Today,
October 4, 2013.
When Potbelly sold stock to the public in its IPO, it did so through the NASDAQ
market. This was an example of Potbelly using ________ to raise funds.
A) indirect finance
B) direct finance
C) bonds