D) unanticipated contractionary monetary policy
Article Summary
Although growing at only half the average rate following the seven previous
recessions, consumer spending has increased 9 percent since the end of the
2007-2009 recession, and consumer confidence has been on the rise as household
finances, the job market, and the housing market continue to improve. The
Federal Reserve projects a 3% – 3.5% growth rate for the economy in 2014, up
from the recent average of 2%. Debt payments have fallen to an average of
15.69% of after-tax income for households, the lowest level in 30 years, and lower
debt payments leave households with more to spend on consumer goods.
Source: Neil Shah, “Pocketbooks Begin to Open As Household Wealth Grows,”
Wall Street Journal, June 25, 2013.
Refer to the Article Summary. The increase in consumer spending discussed in the
article summary was due in part to an improving housing market. This reason for the
increase in consumer spending is most closely related to which of the following
variables that determine the level of consumption?
A) the interest rate
B) current disposable income
C) household wealth
D) the price level
Which of the following statements about inflation targeting is true?
A) Inflation targeting by the central banks in other countries has not typically lowered
inflation.