As organizations have moved to more project-based activities, research on effective
project management has become more important. What do project management experts
like Harold Kerzner suggest should be the first step in project management?
a. Planning defining the work requirements, scheduling activities, and evaluating risks
b. Closure ” verifying that all work has been completed and all paperwork is done
c. Initiation ” selecting the best project given limited resources and preparing
documents to sanction the project
d. Monitoring ” tracking progress and comparing actual outcomes to predicted
outcomes so that adjustments can be made
e. Execution ” negotiating to get the right members for the project team, directing and
managing work, and helping team members improve
Within the human relations quadrant, a key assumption is that the best way to develop
committed and involved employees is to
a. Let them develop their own job descriptions
b. Give them annual pay increases
c. Give them opportunities to mentor other employees
d. Encourage them to use creative thinking techniques
e. Provide them with opportunities to be involved in organizational processes