e. structure.
In the 1971 Griggs v. Duke Power Company case, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a
landmark ruling about the use of tests. In effect, the ruling stated that
a. education requirements and tests cannot be used to determine employee promotion.
b. requirements for employees’ education and test scores must be shown to be related to
successful job performance.
c. organizations can test external job candidates but not current employees.
d. organizations must clearly define education and test scores required for hiring and
promotion.
e. organizations can test current employees only to obtain data on their training,
development, or counseling needs.
Controlling:
a. precedes all other management activities
b. is the sequencing of tasks, and assigning responsibility
c. involves influencing and motivating others
d. determines if actual performance means standards.