In centralized organizations, top managers make all the decisions, and lower-level
managers merely carry out their directives.
Studies exploring the impact of increasing cultural diversity in a workforce found that
ethnically diverse groups produce less effective and less feasible ideas as compared to
the ideas produced by all-Caucasian groups.
Which of the following is an example of internally caused behavior?
A) An employee was late for a team meeting because of a heavy downpour.
B) An employee was laid off because the company was attempting to cut costs by
laying off employees.
C) An employee was fired from work because he violated a company policy.
D) An employee could not attend an interview because of a delayed flight.
E) An employee could not come to work because he met with an accident.
Bill is negotiating for the labor union. Today, he is presenting the evidence and papers
that demonstrate the average wages in the area, the cost of healthcare for the average
worker, and a pie graph demonstrating how these costs affect the new salary request.
Which phase of the negotiation process is Bill currently in?
A) preparation and planning
B) definition of ground rules
C) clarification and justification