Research suggests that _______ has decreased while ________ has increased possibly
due to the restructuring that took place in the 1990s and early twenty-first century.
a. forward vertical integration; backward vertical integration
b. backward vertical integration; forward vertical integration
c. related diversification; unrelated diversification
d. unrelated diversification; related diversification
CaseScenario2:YepseTimbeFarms,Inc.
Yepsen Timber Farms, Inc., (YTF) was started around 1933 by Danish immigrants. The
firm’s primary operations were timber harvesting on several thousand acres in Oregon
acquired in part under the Homestead Act, and in part through direct purchase. The firm
was founded, initially as a partnership, between brothers Mogens and John (Jack)
Yepsen. The Yepson brothers were among the first four graduates at Oregon
Agricultural College (now Oregon State University), worked for the forest service and
private industry in Oregon for a number of years, then quit their respective jobs to
manage the forest they had been developing for a number of years. While timber is
considered a low-tech type business, Mogens and Jack were very innovative from the
standpoint that they established “tree farms,” that is, harvesting then replanting acreage
so that it would yield timber on a sustainable basis. At the time, and in certain parts of
the world to this day, timber lands were typically “clear cut” where all the trees were
stripped from a property, then the timber harvester simply moved to another parcel.
This practice left thousands of acres barren, and often damaged valuable animal habitats
and watershed. The brothers also introduced hybrid Pine and Douglas Fir trees that
grew considerably faster than the native forest stock. These factors allowed them to
grow trees that would be ready for market in 25 years, about half the time of that
required to grow native trees. The brothers’ idea about regeneration, care for the
environment, and hybridization defined the YTF business. Never would land be
harvested faster than it could replenish itself, or in a manner that threatened habitats or
watersheds. Eventually, Mogens and Jack passed on and their only surviving children,
Marjorie, Mary Jane, Burton, and Betty inherited the property. Two of these heirs took a
strong interest in further building the portfolio of Oregon properties, and also converted