The question, “Do you feel the government should be forced to stop picking our
pockets with excessive taxes and return a portion of the taxes collected to taxpayers?”
a. is leading.
b. contains an implicit alternative
c. is double’‘barreled.
d. a and c only.
e. none of the above.
If 85 women and 80 men are daily users of a deodorant product, the variance for the
appropriate test is
a. 0.0029.
b. 0.0527.
c. 0.00128.
d. none of the above.
e. more information is necessary in order to calculate the variance for this example.
A large clothing manufacturer plans to introduce a new line of sports clothes for women
if preliminary market research shows that at least 50% of the population are favorably
impressed by the new line. Five hundred women were surveyed; 265 of the women
were favorably impressed. The research manager wants to test the hypothesis at the .05
significance level. The z’‘value associated with this significance level is 1.645.
The correct hypotheses for this situation are:
a. Ho: > < .50 HA: > > .50
b. Ho: > < .50 HA: > > .50
c. Ho: > < 250 HA: > > 250
d. Ho: > < 250 HA: > > 250
e. none of the above
Which of the following is (are) a valid reason(s) why a researcher might not want to
increase the precision of the estimate?
a. It would increase the standard error.
b. It would increase the required sample size.
c. It could produce a reduction in confidence with respect to the accuracy of the
estimate.
d. b and c are true statements.
e. A researcher should always use the most precise estimate.
The main source(s) of nonresponse bias is (are)
a. not-at-homes.
b. nonreceipt of survey instrument.
c. death of the respondent.
d. interviewer training.
e. a and d.
Focus groups are useful for all of the following purposes EXCEPT
a. generating hypotheses.
b. gaining new insights into product usage.
c. testing cause’‘effect relationships.
d. a and c.
e. b and c.
A problem with nonprobability samples is
a. they are always more representative than nonprobability samples.
b. one cannot assess the amount of sampling error likely to occur.
c. there is no problem with using nonprobability samples
d. a and b are both true statements.
e. none of the above statements are true.
Which of the following is FALSE?
a. The scientific notion of causality differs from the common sense notion in that the
common sense notion suggests that X (the cause) always leads to Y (the effect).
b. The common sense notion of causality implies a completely deterministic
relationship while the scientific notion implies a probabilistic relationship.
c. The scientific notion of causality rests upon the belief that we can only prove that X
(the cause) leads to Y (the effect) in an experiment.
d. b and c.
e. They are all true.
Which of the following is not true about sampling (circle one):
a) there may exist sampling biases in internet research
b) larger samples are always better for surveys
c) small samples suffice for focus groups
d) convenience samples can, on occasion, be used to generalize to the target population
e) larger samples are necessary for greater confidence levels (as z goes from 1.96 to
2.58)
When coding data for computer analysis, which of the following is NOT
recommended?
a. Use only one character per record column.
b. Use alphabetic characters.
c. Assign as many columns to a variable as is necessary to capture the variable, e.g., two
columns would need to be assigned to a question with 12 possible answers.
d. Use standard codes like “8” for all “no answers” and “9” for all “don’t knows”
throughout the study.
e. Each of these procedures is recommended.
Judgment samples are distinguished by the fact that
a. the proportion of those possessing a given characteristic are balanced against the
proportion of the population possessing the characteristic.
b. those entering the sample happen to be where the study is being done when it is
being done.
c. each field worker is allowed to judge whether any given respondent would be a good
representative of the population.
d. the sample elements are handpicked by the investigator because it is expected they
can offer the contributions sought.
e. they are superior to other forms of sampling for descriptive studies.
A market researcher divides the Dallas metropolitan area into blocks having roughly
equal populations. He then selects a random sample of blocks and sends interviewers to
each block. The interviewers are instructed to interview every eighth dwelling unit. This
is ___ sampling.
a. one-stage cluster
b. two-stage cluster
c. quota
d. two-stage systematic
e. stratified
The before’‘after with control group fell out of favor when it was discovered that it
didn’t control for
a. the main testing effect.
b. the interactive testing effect.
c. any extraneous factors.
d. the effect of the experimental treatment.
e. none of the above.
When we are interested in examining the differences between two groups when a
number of characteristics are simultaneously considered the most appropriate statistical
technique is
a. univariate analysis.
b. multiple regression analysis.
c. multivariate test of group differences.
d. t’‘test for difference in two means.
e. traditional analysis’‘of’‘variance procedures.
The one’‘group pretest’‘posttest design
a. can be diagrammed: X 01 02.
b. results from the addition of a pretest to the one’‘shot case study design.
c. is a type of quasi’‘experimental mortality.
d. controls for history.
e. can be used to measure the effectiveness of the experimental variable through the
calculation d = 01 ‘‘ 02.
In the previous example, how large of a sample size would be required in order for the
49% preferring Brand A to be significantly different from the hypothesized proportion?
a. 200 people
b. 4,800 people
c. 9,600 people
d. 50,500 people.
e. cannot be determined with the information provided in the example.
In the symbol ßY1.23, the first primary subscript
a. is Y, which identifies the predictor variable.
b. is 1, which identifies the predictor variable, of which this ß’‘value is the
coefficient.
c. is 2, which indicates another predictor variable in the regression equation.
d. is 3, which indicates another predictor variable in the regression equation.
e. is Y, which identifies the criterion variable.
In order to define a population, the researcher needs to specify
a. the geographic boundaries of the population.
b. which elements are not of interest.
c. the time period for the study.
d. a and b.
e. a, b, and c.
In a two-tailed test to test the null hypothesis H0:μ = μc the p value would be
designated by
a. one minus the area between B and C
b. the area between A and C
c. the area to the left of C
d. twice the area to the left of C
e. none of the above