a. phone cards
b. scanner-delivered coupons
c. self-liquidating premiums
d. price-offs
e. rebates
Which of the following is a criticism of the means-end approach and the method of
laddering?
a. The laddering method ‘forces’ interviewees to identify hierarchies among attributes,
consequences, and values that may actually not have existed before the interview and
absent the interviewer’s directive probes.
b. Consumers may possess clear-cut linkages between attributes and consequences but
not necessarily between consequences and values.
c. The ultimate hierarchy constructed through laddering is a crude aggregation of the
ACV chains from multiple individuals into a single chain that represents the
input into a MECCAS model.
d. None of these are correct.
e. All of these are correct.
Advertising adds value to brands by _____.
a. influencing perceptions
b. innovating the offering
c. improving the quality of the offering
d. creating primary demand
e. creating secondary demand