Computerized information systems help decision makers overcome human cognitive
limitations in assembling and processing varied information. However, this is of little
use in most analytical applications.
In the U.S. HUD case study, the use of AHP brought standards and coherence to project
selection, resulting in a 10% decrease in project requests from 1999 levels.
Descriptive analytics for social media feature such items as your followers as well as
the content in online conversations that help you to identify themes and sentiments.
Web-based decision support systems can provide support to both individuals and groups
that act in a decision-making capacity.
Despite their potential, many current NoSQL tools lack mature management and
monitoring tools.
Use of automated decision systems (ADSs) is likely to result in a reduction of middle
management.
When HP approaches problem-solving, the first step in solving business problems is
building a model that enables decision makers to develop a good understanding of the
problem.
The entire focus of the predictive analytics system in the Infinity P&C case was on
detecting and handling fraudulent claims for the company’s benefit.
In the Dublin City Council case study, GPS data from the city’s buses and CCTV were
the only data sources for the Big Data GIS-based application.
In modern organizations, the information technology used to support knowledge
management is less important than the application of a certain methodology to business
practices.
Categorization and clustering of documents during text mining differ only in the
preselection of categories.
In the Harrah’s Cherokee Casino and Hotel case study, the revenue management system
modified room prices based on demand and offered the same price/availability to all
customers at any one time.
Due to the fact that organizations seek to store greater amounts of data than ever before,
the cost per byte of computer-based data storage devices is rapidly rising.
Data warehouses are subsets of data marts.
The DSS component that includes the financial, statistical, management science, or
other quantitative models is called the model management subsystem.
AHP can be used effectively for optimization with problems containing a small number
of alternatives.
IaaS helps provide faster information, but provides information only to managers in an
organization.
In the Hong Kong government case study, reporting time was the main benefit of using
SAS Business Analytics to generate reports.
Wikis allow user creation of shared web content in an organizational format and
structure determined by the wiki owner.
In today’s business environment, creativity, intuition, and interpersonal skills are
effective substitutes for analytical decision making.
Market basket analysis is a useful and entertaining way to explain data mining to a
technologically less savvy audience, but it has little business significance.
Validation of knowledge is usually done by a human expert in the knowledge domain.
A normative model examines all the possible alternatives in order to prove that the one
selected is the best.
Goal seeking is roughly the opposite of “what-if” analysis.
Compared to the human brain, artificial neural networks have many more neurons.
Generating alternatives manually is often necessary in the model-building process. The
best option for the decision makers is to generate as many of these alternatives as is
conceivable.
The main purpose of frequent recrawling of some Web sites is to prevent search users
from retrieving stale search results.
Moving the data into a data warehouse is usually the easiest part of its creation.
Heuristic approaches are typically used to solve more complex problems.
The overwhelming majority of competitive actions taken by businesses today feature
computerized information system support.
What is the major difference between group support systems (GSS) and group decision
support systems (GDSS)?
A) GSS use modern technology; GDSS do not.
B) GDSS have a narrower focus than GSS.
C) GSS use Web based technologies; GDSS do not.
D) GDSS do not support virtual teams, but GSS do.
Interval data is a type of numerical data.
In the research literature case study, the researchers analyzing academic papers
extracted information from which source?
A) the paper abstract
B) the paper keywords
C) the main body of the paper
D) the paper references
Identifying the target of an expressed sentiment is difficult for all the following reasons
EXCEPT
A) the review may not be directly connected to the target through the topic name.
B) blogs and articles with the sentiment may be general in nature.
C) strong sentiments may be generated by a computer, not a person.
D) sometimes there are multiple targets expressed in a sentiment.
A voice of customer (VOC) strategy involves all of the following EXCEPT
A) connecting captured insights to unstructured data in order to take action.
B) capturing both unstructured Web data and enterprise data as a starting point.
C) analyzing unstructured data with minimal effort on the user’s part.
D) taking actions related to your market, customers and services.
Which component of service-oriented DSS includes such examples as optimization,
data mining, text mining, simulation, automated decision systems?
A) application programming interface
B) analytics
C) operations and administration
D) metadata management
While Microsoft Excel can be an efficient tool for developing a DSS, compared to
using a programming language like C++, a shortcoming of Excel is
A) it cannot be used effectively for small or medium sized problems.
B) Excel is not widely understood compared to a language like C++.
C) it is not widely available for purchase.
D) errors can creep into formulas somewhat easily.
Which of the following statements about cognitive limits of organizational decision
makers is true?
A) Only top managers make decisions where cognitive limits are strained.
B) The most talented and effective managers do not have cognitive limitations.
C) All organizational decision-making requires data beyond human cognitive limits.
D) Cognitive limits affect both the recall and use of data by decision makers.
All of the following statements about risk in decision making are correct EXCEPT
A) all business decisions incorporate an element of risk.
B) decision makers frequently measure risk and uncertainty incorrectly.
C) methodologies are available for handling extreme uncertainty.
D) most decision makers are pessimistic about decision outcomes.
The data field “ethnic group” can be best described as
A) nominal data.
B) interval data.
C) ordinal data.
D) ratio data.
Fayyad et al. (1996) defined ________ in databases as a process of using data mining
methods to find useful information and patterns in the data.
All of the following may be viewed as decision support systems EXCEPT
A) an expert system to diagnose a medical condition.
B) a knowledge management system to guide decision makers.
C) a system that helps to manage the organization’s supply chain management.
D) a retail sales system that processes customer sales transactions.
Videoconferencing is an example of what kind of groupware?
A) same time, same place
B) same time, different place
C) different time, same place
D) different time, different place
________ refers to the conformity to facts: accuracy, quality, truthfulness, or
trustworthiness of the data.
Common sources of traffic to your Web site include all of the following EXCEPT
A) paid search from search engines.
B) referral Web sites.
C) accidental visitors.
D) direct links.
In the Social Network Analysis (SNA) for Telecommunications case, SNA can be used
to detect ________, i.e., those visitors who about to leave the Web site and persuade
them to stay with you.
Using certainty factors, a rule declares that IF competition is strong, CF = 70 OR
margins are above 15% CF = 100 THEN sales demand will decline. If both conditions
are true, what is the CF of the conclusion?
A) 100%
B) 70%
C) 30%
D) 21%
Benefits of the latest visual analytics tools, such as SAS Visual Analytics, include all of
the following EXCEPT
A) mobile platforms such as the iPhone are supported by these products.
B) it is easier to spot useful patterns and trends in the data.
C) they explore massive amounts of data in hours, not days.
D) there is less demand on IT departments for reports.
Models can be built with the help of human knowledge and expertise. Another source of
help in building these models is
A) the customer.
B) classification and clustering methods.
C) customer service reps.
D) business partners.
When querying a dimensional database, a user went from summarized data to its
underlying details. The function that served this purpose is
A) dice.
B) slice.
C) roll-up.
D) drill down.
The data field “salary” can be best described as
A) nominal data.
B) interval data.
C) ordinal data.
D) ratio data.
Who are automated decision systems (ADS) primarily designed for?
A) strategic level managers making long-term, wide-ranging decisions
B) mid-level managers making tactical decision
C) frontline workers who must make decisions rapidly
D) operational managers who make shop floor decisions
The k-nearest neighbor machine learning algorithm (kNN) is
A) highly mathematical and computationally intensive.
B) a method that has little in common with regression.
C) regarded as a “lazy” learning method.
D) very complex in its inner workings.
Which technology element of knowledge management systems enables document
sharing among decision makers?
A) communication
B) storage
C) collaboration
D) retrieval
When is a complete enumeration of solutions used?
A) when there are an infinite number of solutions to be searched
B) when the modeler requires a guided approach to problem solving
C) when a solution that is “good enough” is fine and good heuristics are available
D) when there is enough time and computational power available
In text analysis, what is a lexicon?
A) a catalog of words, their synonyms, and their meanings
B) a catalog of customers, their words, and phrase
C) a catalog of letters, words, phrases and sentences
D) a catalog of customers, products, words, and phrase
Using certainty factors, a rule declares that IF competition is strong, CF = 70 AND
margins are above 15% CF = 100 THEN sales demand will decline. If both conditions
are true, what is the CF of the conclusion?
A) 100%
B) 70%
C) 30%
D) 21%
Contextual metadata for a dashboard includes all the following EXCEPT
A) whether any high-value transactions that would skew the overall trends were
rejected as a part of the loading process.
B) which operating system is running the dashboard server software.
C) whether the dashboard is presenting “fresh” or “stale” information.
D) when the data warehouse was last refreshed.
In sentiment analysis, which of the following is an implicit opinion?
A) The hotel we stayed in was terrible.
B) The customer service I got for my TV was laughable.
C) The cruise we went on last summer was a disaster.
D) Our new mayor is great for the city.
In the Whirlpool case study, the company sought to better understand information
coming from which source?
A) customer transaction data
B) delivery information
C) customer e-mails
D) goods moving through the internal supply chain
What does descriptive analytics for social media do?
A) It helps identify your followers.
B) It identifies links between groups.
C) It examines the content of online conversations.
D) It identifies the biggest sources of influence online.
All of the following are true about heuristics EXCEPT
A) heuristics are rules of good judgment.
B) heuristics are used when the modeler requires a guided approach to problem solving.
C) heuristics are used when a solution that is “good enough” is sought.
D) heuristics are used when there is abundant time and computational power.
One way an operational data store differs from a data warehouse is the recency of their
data.
Analyzing server ________ files is the traditional way to collect Web site information
for on-site Web analytics.
Predictive analytics is beginning to enable development of software that is directly used
by a consumer. One key concern in employing these technologies is the loss of
________.
Mention briefly some of the recently popularized concepts and technologies that will
play a significant role in defining the future of data warehousing.
A ________ repository, also referred to as an organizational knowledge base, is neither
a database nor a knowledge base in the strictest sense of the terms, but rather stores
knowledge that is often text based and has very different characteristics.
________ is a mechanism for pulling data from source systems to satisfy a request for
information. It is an evolving tool space that promises real-time data integration from a
variety of sources, such as relational databases, Web services, and multidimensional
databases.
In 1992, Boser, Guyon, and Vapnik suggested a way to create nonlinear classifiers by
applying the kernel trick to maximum-margin hyperplanes. How does the resulting
algorithm differ from the original optimal hyperplane algorithm proposed by Vladimir
Vapnik in 1963?
All quantitative models are typically made up of four basic components. List and
describe them as well as what links them together.
Groupwork may have both potential benefits and potential drawbacks. The benefits of
working in groups are called ________.
In the Army expertise transfer system case, we learn that the objective of
lessons-learned systems is to support the capture, codification, presentation, and
application of expertise in organizations. What are the two main reasons why
lesson-learned systems have been a failure?
How would you define clickstream analysis?
Mintzberg defines the ________ as a managerial role that involves searching the
environment for new opportunities.
In a system dynamics model, ________ diagrams show the relationships between
variables in a system.
List five disciplines of artificial intelligence.
Briefly describe four major components of the data warehousing process.
In automated sentiment analysis, two primary methods have been deployed to predict
sentiment within audio: acoustic/phonetic and ________ modeling.
List five best practices of dashboard design.
When an organization-wide, major restructuring is needed, the process is referred to as
________.
Possibly the biggest recent growth in analytics has been in ________ analytics, as many
statistical software companies such as SAS and SPSS embraced it early on.
Mehra (2005) indicated that few organizations really understand metadata, and fewer
understand how to design and implement a metadata strategy. How would you describe
metadata?
________ are a part of global search techniques used to find approximate solutions to
optimization-type problems that are too complex to be solved with traditional
optimization methods.