Which of the following refers to improper or illegal inducement to crime by
enforcement agents?
a. police fraud
b. entrapment
c. collateral estoppel
d. prosecutorial misconduct
Criminal justice refers to the aspects of ________ ________ that concern violations of
criminal law.
a. social justice
b. civil justice
c. corporate justice
d. administrative justice
Multiculturalism is usually linked with what other term?
a. conformity
b. morality
c. diversity
d. nobility
Which major crime has the highest clearance rate?
a. murder
b. robbery
c. rape
d. arson
Which of the following falls under the category of justification?
a. consent
b. duress
c. insanity
d. mistake
Of the women entering prisons, about________ have at least one child younger than
age 18.
a. 85%
b. 70%
c. 56%
d. 25%
Which Supreme Court case is NOT directly relevant to police civil liability issues?
a. Malley v. Briggs
b. Biscoe v.Arlington County
c. Davis v.Dallas
d. City of Canton, Ohio v. Harris
________ was the first state to have a shock incarceration program.
a. Indiana
b. Washington
c. Georgia
d. Ohio
Which type of prisoners picture themselves as political prisoners?
a. colonists
b. hedonists
c. radicals
d. legalists
How many states allow the use of videotaped testimony for child witnesses?
a. 32
b. 24
c. 37
d. 12
The Sentencing Project says that ________ American citizens across the nation are
barred from voting because of previous felony convictions.
a. 3.9 million
b. 390,000
c. 1.2 million
d. 11.7 million
Which 1987 Supreme Court case supported the use of evidence obtained with a search
warrant that was inaccurate in its specifics?
a. Miranda v. Arizona
b. Aguilar v. Texas
c. Chimel v. California
d. Maryland v. Garrison
Any willful or malicious burning or attempt to burn, with or without intent to defraud, a
dwelling house, public building, motor vehicle or aircraft, personal property of another,
and so on is termed as ________.
a. larceny-theft
b. arson
c. vandalism
d. fraud
Which model emphasizes the efficient arrest and conviction of criminal offenders?
a. due-process model
b. crime-control model
c. conflict model
d. consensus model
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of a bailiff?
a. to announce the judge’s entry into the courtroom
b. to prevent the escape of the accused
c. to cross-examine witnesses
d. to ensure order in the courtroom
Which of the following branches of a police organization is tasked with investigating
charges of wrongdoing involving members of the department?
a. civil rights
b. internal affairs
c. background investigations
d. ethics unit
Which of the following U.S. Supreme Court cases held that electronic eavesdropping
was a search and seizure under the Fourth Amendment?
a. Olmstead v. U.S.
b. Schmerber v. California
c. Katz v. U.S.
d. Lee v. Florida
What may be the definitive book on community policing?
a. Bayley and Skolnick’s The New Blue Line
b. Skolnick’s Justice Without Trial
c. Trojanowicz’s Community Policing
d. Wilson’s Varieties of Police Behavior
What goal of sentencing is sometimes referred to as the “lock “em up approach”?
a. incapacitation
b. rehabilitation
c. retribution
d. deterrence
The most important form of prosecutorial discretion lies in the power to ________.
a. test the credibility and the memory of the witness
b. handle certain matters relating to individuals declared mentally incompetent
c. serve as a judge of probate to oversee wills and the administration of estates
d. charge, or not to charge, a person with an offense
When did many states adopt Objective Prison Classification Systems?
a.1950s
b. 1980s
c. 1920s
d. 1990s
A murderer who kills at two or more locations with almost no time break between
murders is a ________.
a. mass murderer
b. spree killer
c. multiplex murderer
d. serial killer
Clearances are based primarily on ________.
a. charges
b. arrests
c. convictions
d. dispositions
________ is a belief, based on a consideration of the facts at hand and on reasonable
inferences drawn from those facts that would induce an ordinarily prudent and cautious
person under the same circumstances to conclude that criminal activity is taking place
or that criminal activity has recently occurred.
a. The good faith exception
b. Probable cause
c. Reasonable suspicion
d. Plain view
Which of the following is an early release option under which an inmate who is deemed
“low risk,” due to physical or mental health conditions, is released from prison earlier
than he or she might have been under normal circumstances?
a. discretionary release
b. prisoner reentry
c. medical parole
d. mandatory parole
The special responsibility to adhere to moral duty and obligation that is inherent in
police work is known as ________.
a. police subculture
b. police ethics
c. police working personality
d. intelligence-led policing
What decade is considered the heyday of scientific police management?
a. 1970s
b. 1980s
c. 1990s
d. 2000s
The political era of American policing was characterized by ________.
a. police officers running for political office
b. police, citizens, and politicians developing a close working relationship
c. police serving the interests of politicians
d. politicians funding police research
All of the following are outsiders to the courtroom work group, EXCEPT ________.
a. defendants
b. victims
c. lay witnesses
d. bailiff
Which term refers to the size of the inmate population a facility can handle according to
the judgment of experts?
a. design capacity
b. operational capacity
c. rated capacity
d. prison capacity
________ and ________ are nearly tied as the second most common type of offenses
for which inmates were sentenced to state prisons.
a. Violent crimes, drug crimes
b. Drug crimes, gang shootings
c. Violent crimes, property crimes
d. Property crimes, drug crimes
What type of probation in Georgia includes at least five face-to-face contacts between
officer and probationer each week and requires that probationers have a mandatory
curfew, have a job, and submit to weekly alcohol and drug testing?
a. intensive
b. shock
c. concentrated
d. directed
Who created a cabinet-level “drug czar” position to coordinate the “war on drugs”?
a. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O”Connor
b. President Ronald Reagan
c. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas
d. President George H. W. Bush
Compare and contrast the similarities and differences between juvenile and adult court
proceedings.
A necessary first feature of any crime is some act in violation of the law.
Research indicates that prison subcultures have been stable over time despite changes in
the wider culture.
The sole condition for an emergency warrantless search is a probable cause to believe
that there is an emergency threat of destruction of evidence.
The “golden age” of crime victims refers to a time during the Middle Ages when
victims played a central role in trial and sentencing proceedings.
There was a significant recent decline in police deaths from all causes.
According to the verdict in U.S. v. Irizarry, the plain-view doctrine applies if officers
move objects so they can see evidence otherwise hidden from view.
The attorney”client privilege is so strong that it is unethical for an attorney to disclose
incriminating information about a client, even to prevent death or substantial bodily
harm.
Older victims are more likely to attempt to protect themselves than younger ones.
Exculpatory evidence is defined as any information having a tendency to clear a person
of guilt or blame.
Criminal justice is “truth in action” within the process of administration of justice.
During the Enlightenment, at the end of the eighteenth century, society became
increasingly concerned about the well-being of children.
Most people processed through the country’s jails are white.
Men are more likely to be victims of crime than women.
List and define the four different types of prison lifestyles researchers describe as
adaptations to prison life for male inmates. Do you agree with the terminology? Cite
reasons for or against these defined lifestyles.
The U.S. Department of Justice suggests several reasons for the decline of crime from
the years 1991-2012. List and explain three of those reasons.
Approximately 20 million people are admitted (or readmitted) to the nation’s jails each
year.
The two types of courts that function in the American criminal justice system are the
state courts and the federal courts.
The rate of violent death among law enforcement officers in the line of duty is low.