A juvenile court disposition that imposes both a juvenile sanction and ________ is
known as blended sentencing.
a. confinement
b. an adult criminal sentence
c. peer review
d. probation
Operational capacity is ________.
a. the size of the inmate population that a facility can handle according to the judgment
of experts
b. the inmate population that the institution was originally built to handle
c. the number of inmates a prison can effectively accommodate based on management
considerations
d. the number of program opportunities an institution can effectively make available to
inmates
On appeal, when a trial court of general jurisdiction offers a new trial instead of the
review of the lower court’s decision, it is giving a ________.
a. trial de novo
b. jury trial
c. adversarial trial
d. constitutional trial
________, in the broadest usage, is juvenile actions or conduct in violation of the
criminal law, juvenile status offenses, and other juvenile misbehavior.
a. Delinquency
b. Abuse
c. Disposition
d. Intake
Weapons, tire tracks, and fingerprints are examples of ________.
a. circumstantial evidence
b. real evidence
c. exculpatory evidence
d. testimonial evidence
Recommended sentencing policies that are not required by law are known as ________.
a. voluntary sentencing guidelines
b. presumptive sentencing
c. determinate sentencing
d. indeterminate sentencing
Which policing style was in use when the Rodney King beating occurred in Los
Angeles?
a. reform
b. legalistic
c. service
d. watchman
About how many offenses are punishable by death under federal laws?
a. 100
b. 60
c. 30
d. 20
Mary, a juvenile, breaks into Bob’s apartment and steals his TV. Mary is a(n) _______
child.
a. dependent
b. neglected
c. delinquent
d. abused
Which work group member has the responsibility of demonstrating to a jury that a
defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt?
a. the bailiff
b. the judge
c. the prosecutor
d. the defense counsel
What type of terrorism describes the unlawful use of force or violence by a group
whose activities transcend national boundaries?
a. international
b. traditional
c. domestic
d. national
Which U.S. Supreme Court made the exclusionary rule applicable to criminal
prosecutions at the state level?
a. Rehnquist Court
b. Burger Court
c. Eisenhower Court
d. Warren Court
An enclosed facility separated from society both socially and physically, where the
inhabitants share all aspects of their daily lives, is called a ________ institution.
a. correctional
b. total
c. regimented
d. juvenile
Criminal trials under the American system of justice are built around ________.
a. the court system
b. an adversarial system
c. the grand jury system
d. a public defender system
Which of the following refers to the use of imprisonment or other means to reduce the
likelihood that a particular offender will commit more crime?
a. deterrence
b. incapacitation
c. retribution
d. rehabilitation
Teen court is an alternative approach to juvenile justice in which alleged offenders are
judged and/or sentenced by a ________.
a. jury of teachers and social workers
b. specially appointed judge
c. jury of their peers
d. juvenile court judge
________ were the most common target of robbers in 2010.
a. Gas stations
b. Banks
c. Individuals
d. Convenience stores
What is often described as the strictest form of probation for adults in the United
States?
a. intensive probation supervision
b. split probation
c. house arrest
d. shock probation
Which U.S. Supreme Court decision ruled that probation officers may search a
probationer’s residence without a search warrant?
a. Griffin v. Wisconsin
b. Escoe v. Zerbst
c. Morrissey v. Brewer
d. Mempa v. Rhay
At arraignment, the defendant cannot plead ________.
a. not guilty
b. guilty
c. no trial
d. no contest
What term describes an offense not yet completed?
a. misdemeanor
b. inchoate
c. treason
d. espionage
Jake and Mary are married and own their home. The police come to the house and ask
for permission to search the house for drugs. Jake gives his consent to the search, but
Mary says no because she has hidden some drugs in the kitchen. The police come in
and search, over Mary’s objection, since Jake said it was okay. They find Mary’s drugs.
Which of the following is legally correct in the ensuing trial?
a. The drugs can be used at Mary’s trial because the police had Jake’s consent to search
the house.
b. The drugs can be used at Mary’s trial because the exclusionary rule does not apply in
drug cases.
c. The drugs cannot be used at Mary’s trial because the police violated the plain-view
doctrine.
d. The drugs cannot be used at Mary’s trial because she did not consent to the search.
Which the following is the primary sentencing tool of the just deserts model?
a. probation
b. fine
c. restitution
d. imprisonment
What term describes a nonviolent crime for financial gain, utilizing deception and
committed by anyone having special technical and professional knowledge of business
and government, irrespective of the person’s occupation?
a. corporate crime
b. white-collar crime
c. organized crime
d. computer crime
House arrest is a valuable alternative to prison for ________.
a. violent offenders
b. white-collar criminals
c. offenders with long criminal records
d. offenders with special needs
In ________, the U.S. Supreme Court stated that considerations of public safety can be
overriding and negate the need for rights advisement prior to limited questioning.
a. Mapp v. Ohio
b. Miranda v. Arizona
c. Terry v. Ohio
d. New York v. Quarles
Some authors have warned that the police subculture focuses almost exclusively on
________.
a. community relations
b. crime fighting
c. public relations
d. personality improvement
Which of the following refers to a traditional body of unwritten historical precedents
created from everyday social customs, rules, and practices?
a. common law
b. statutory law
c. law of the land
d. case law
In what year did the FBI begin as the Bureau of Investigation?
a. 1908
b. 1933
c. 1964
d. 1929
________ deterrence seeks to reduce the likelihood of recidivism by convicted
offenders.
a. Focused
b. Specific
c. General
d. Primary
Most states use a(n) ________ system to assign inmates to custody levels based on
offense history, assessed dangerousness, perceived risk of escape, and other factors.
a. random
b. direct-supervision
c. classification
d. design-capacity
Which type of law is also known as the “law on the books”?
a. statutory law
b. natural law
c. procedural law
d. administrative law
Prisoners rights, because they are constrained by the legitimate needs of imprisonment,
can be ________.
a. thought of as conditional
b. thought of as absolute
c. protected by federal but not state courts
d. revoked by the courts without consideration of constitutionality
Which of the following statements about probation is false?
a. Probation is a court-ordered sanction.
b. It is the most common form of criminal sentencing.
c. Probation is significantly less expensive than imprisonment.
d. Convicted murderers and rapists cannot be sentenced to probation.
What term describes a classification of crimes along a particular dimension, such as
legal categories, offender motivation, victim behavior, or the characteristics of
individual offenders?
a. crime mapping
b. crime profiling
c. crime analysis
d. crime typology
In the mid-1980s, the sale and use of illicit drugs was at an all-time low.
The National Crime Victimization Survey does NOT contain data about murder.
Define an arrest. Explain the circumstances under which an arrest occurs and what steps
must be in place for the arrest to exist.
Juvenile courts place more emphasis on privacy than adult courts do.
Pretrial services programs are also known as early intervention programs.
One of the best known internal classification systems in use today’s prisons is the adult
internal management system (AIMS). AIMS assess an inmate’s predatory potential by
quantifying three aspects of the inmate’s history. List and define those three aspects and
explain how effective or ineffective you feel they are.
In Illinois v. Caballes, the U.S. Supreme Court has held that the use of a drug-sniffing
dog during a routine and lawful traffic stop is permissible and may not even be a search
within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment.
A neglected child is a child who has engaged in activity that would be considered a
crime if the child were an adult.
If Jake is convicted in the U.S. District Court and then loses his appeal in the U.S. Court
of Appeals, he has the right to have the U.S. Supreme Court review his case.
Investigating crime in multicultural settings can be very difficult both for the victims
and for the police. The National Crime Prevention Council, (NCPC), published a guide
for American Law Enforcement officers who work with multicultural groups, especially
when language problems exist. Comment on and analyze three recommendations made
by the NCPC to help communicate more efficiently. Explain your opinions using data
and other pertinent materials.
Police”community relations (PCR) programs were a product of the tumultuous 1960s.
Define Part I Crimes. List and define three categories of Part I crimes.
Because the effects and taste of alcohol are so widely known in our society, the defense
of involuntary intoxication due to alcohol consumption can be difficult to demonstrate.
Two-thirds of incarcerated women have minor children.
Define and comment on hate crimes. What are the Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990
and the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 and how do they
impact hate crimes?
List and define the three-tiered structure of the federal court system.
Stress levels for probation and parole officers have gone up, in part, due to the
increasingly serious offenses of offenders sentenced to probation and released on
parole.
Like inmates, correctional officers are socialized into the official and unofficial rules of
staff society.
Criminology is the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the
rehabilitation and punishment of offenders.