Which of the following is FALSE?
a. The cross’‘tabulation provides information on the joint occurrence of two or more
variables.
b. The cross tabulation emphasizes the division of the sample into subgroups so as to
learn how the dependent variable varies from subgroup to subgroup.
c. Cross tabulation is very useful for studying relationships between variables.
d. Although a variable is part of a planned cross tabulation, it is still necessary to
develop the one’‘way tabulation if one wishes to construct the histogram showing the
distribution of the variable.
e. The conclusion regarding the relationship between two variables in a cross tabulation
can change with the introduction of another variable to the analysis.
Which of the following is TRUE?
a. Description of the sampling frame and sampling plan should be included in the
introduction.
b. Interesting information should be included in the body of the report.
c. Tables and figures should be used liberally when presenting the results.
d. Tables should be used to address several problems at once.
e. A single figure should be used to address more than one problem or subproblem.
Which of the following is FALSE?
a. Respondents tend to choose either the first or the last response to a multiple-choice
question.
b. Item nonresponse invalidates the results of a research project.
c. When designing questionnaires it is good to keep in mind that many people have
difficulty with relatively simple tasks.
d. A leading question is one formed so as to give the respondent a clue as to how he or
she should answer.
e. Many dichotomous questions can be framed as multichotomized questions and vice
versa.
scales possess an absolute zero.
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ratio
e. none of the above
Which of the following is NOT a nonprobability sample?
a. quota
b. convenience
c. cluster
d. judgment
e. All of the above are nonprobability samples.
Which of the following about questionnaire design is TRUE?
a. Not including a “no opinion” category may force respondents to take a stand on an
issue on which they have no opinion. This can introduce response error.
b. Including an “other” alternative for a multiple-choice question frees the researcher
from having to make sure the list of alternatives is exhaustive.
c. Dichotomous questions typically have a “don’t know” or “no opinion” category.
d. Dichotomous questions have considerably more advantages than multiple choice
questions primarily due to their simplicity.
e. They are all false.
Which of the following is FALSE?
a. Perceptual maps can be created using attribute-based or nonattribute-based
approaches.
b. Multidimensional scaling analysis is typically used to refer to the attribute-based
approaches to creating perceptual maps.
c. The attribute-based approaches for developing perceptual maps rely on
characteristic-by-characteristic assessments of the various objects using, for example,
Likert-type scales.
d. a and b.
e. a, b, and c.
Which of the following is FALSE?
a. A Likert scale is an example of a comparative rating scale.
b. A semantic differential scale is an example of an itemized scale.
c. When using graphic rating scales, individuals indicate their rating by placing a check
at the appropriate point on a line that runs from one extreme of the attribute to the other.
d. Itemized scales are similar to graphic scales in that individuals make their judgments
independently.
e. Comparative scales involve relative judgments.
Given a = prar = pnranr, where a is the overall mean and “r” refers to those responding
and “nr” to those not responding, which of the following statements is most correct?
a.Both ar and anr can be calculated by splitting up a (which is known or can be
estimated) into its component parts.
b.The nonresponse component can be ignored as it is reasonable that ar equals anr.
c.a cannot be calculated because of the difficulty in estimating ar and anr.
d.A rough estimate of a can be made by adjusting the initial results after a is estimated
by follow’‘up.
e.A rough estimate of a can be made by adjusting the initial results after anr is estimated
by follow’‘up.
An interviewer finds that a subject is not at home; to complete his sample, he
substitutes the nearest available subject for the missing subject. This practice
a. is reasonable and provides accurate results.
b. is not recommended as it complicates the problems by increasing the proportion of
at’‘homes in the sample.
c. is recommended even though it increases the proportion of at’‘homes.
d. is unreasonable although the results are generally accurate.
e. is probably the best available technique for handling the not’‘at’‘home problem.
Which of the following is TRUE?
a. The choice of a data-collection method for a specific issue reflects the firm’s program
strategy.
b. A company’s philosophy of how marketing research fits into its marketing plan
determines its project strategy for marketing research.
c. The design of the individual studies themselves defines the firm’s program strategy to
research.
d. Project strategy should be dealt with before program strategy.
e. A program strategy specifies the types of studies to be conducted and for what
purposes.
A manufacturer is interested in selecting one of three companies to deliver (by truck) its
product to its distributors and wholesalers in a certain area. Each of the companies has
different operating procedures and uses different routes. Assuming that certain
minimum standards for delivery time are achieved, the manufacturer wants to select the
company with the lowest unit shipping cost.
In addition, the manufacturer believes that the type of packaging used for the product
may have an impact on shipping cost and is considering two types of packaging. It is
unknown whether or not any of the three companies under consideration is better
equipped to handle either type of packaging.
After using each of the companies for five deliveries of the product with each of the
types of packaging (thus, each company made a total of 10 deliveries, with all
deliveries under similar circumstances), the shipping costs per unit were calculated and
are shown below:
Company
Package C1 C2 C3 Total
Mean
________________________________________________________________
$1.75 $1.25 $1.80
1.65 1.15 1.70
P1 1.90 1.35 1.95 24.30
1.62
2.00 1.15 1.75
1.70 1.15 2.05
________________________________________________________________
2.00 1.35 1.95
1.90 1.55 2.05
P2 2.15 1.35 2.30 27.80
1.85
2.25 1.35 2.00
1.95 1.45 2.20
________________________________________________________________
Total 19.25 13.10 19.75 52.10 1.74
Mean 1.93 1.31 1.98
Cell P1C1 P1C2 P1C3 P2C1 P2C2
P2C3
Total 9.00 6.05 9.25 10.25 7.05
10.50
Mean 1.80 1.21 1.85 2.05 1.41 2.10
Which of the following is the sum of squares for package design in the above problem?
a. 0.398
b. 3.156
c. 2.786
d. 0.133
e. none of the above
In a randomized block experimental design, which of the following statements is
INCORRECT?
a. All the assumptions necessary for a completely randomized design are necessary for
the randomized block design as well.
b. The number of categories for each of the extraneous or blocked variables must be
equal to the number of treatments.
c. Treatment effects are assumed to be additive.
d. The model underlying the randomized block design holds that the 8th observation on
the jth treatment results from the overall mean plus the treatment effect j plus the effect
of the ith block, plus random error.
e. All of the above are correct statements.
The correlation coefficient is given by the following equation.
n
a. r = Σ xiyi where xi and yi are deviations from the mean.
i=1
b. r = 1- sy/x.
sy
c. Unexplained variation
Total variation
Σ xiyi
d. r= _________
nsxsy
e. None of the above.
Which of the following is true?
a. In most studies the choice of statistical technique by which to analyze the collected
data is crucial for proper interpretation of what was found.
b. The conclusion of a study typically does not depend on the statistical method used to
analyze the data.
c. With interval scaling it is correct to say that car A had a scale value rating 6 times as
great as that of car B.
d. An analyst is interested in determining how the undergraduate grade point averages
of students in the Graduate School of Business and the Law School compare. He should
use a statistical test for related samples.
e. All of the above statements are false.
Consider the measurement model: Y0 = YT + YS + YR. In verbal terms, the model
indicates
a. a measurement (Y) at time zero (Y0) is a function of (Y) at time T (YT) plus the
change due to the factors YS and YR.
b. a measurement (Y0) is a function of the true score plus systematic error.
c. a measurement (Y0) is a function of the true score plus random error.
d. a measurement (Y0) is a function of the true score plus systematic error plus random
error.
e. a measurement always equals the true score
A researcher is interested in comparing the usage of bank debit cards by consumers in
rural (r) and urban (u) areas. Each year for the past five years, she has surveyed 500
individuals (one’‘half urban, one’‘half rural) randomly selected from across the United
States. She is specifically interested in any differences that may exist between the two
groups with regard to usage. The results of the current study indicate that people in
urban areas use bank debit cards 12 times per month on average (xu), while those in
rural areas use bank cards 10 times per month on average (xr).
Given that the critical value that the test statistic is to be compared with is equal to
1.645 at a 90% significance level, which of the following statements are true?
a. The researcher should reject the null hypothesis at the 90% significance level.
b. The researcher might be able to reject the null hypothesis at the 95% level of
significance.
c. The researcher cannot reject the null hypothesis at this significance level.
d. The researcher has provided evidence that people in urban areas use bank debit cards
more than people in rural areas.
e. More information is needed before a decision about the null hypothesis can be made.