CHAPTER 13
TEST ITEMS
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Multiple-Choice Questions
1. A primarily commercial marketplace with strong government regulations best describes the media
system in
a. China.
b. France.
2. Which of the following would best describe a libertarian approach to broadcasting?
a. Balanced program diet of entertainment, culture, and news
3. In an authoritarian system, broadcasting is typically financed primarily by
a. advertising.
4. Which type of broadcasting system is most concerned with molding public opinion and providing for
the ideological, moral, and aesthetic education of the masses?
d. Pluralistic
e. External
5. The type of national broadcasting system that seems to have yielded the best results in terms of
service to the public can be characterized as
a. authoritarian.
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6. One service lacking in British broadcasting is
d. variety of programming.
e. political broadcasting.
7. U.S.-inspired deregulatory practices since 1980 have helped promote
a. INTELSAT’s development.
8. The international organization concerned with technical standards and spectrum allocation is
a. the BBC.
9. Demand since the 1960s for citizen access to the airwaves in various European countries led to
10. Many industrialized countries other than the United States rely on __________ to insulate
broadcasters from bias caused by dependence on either direct government funding or advertising.
a. spectrum user fees
11. Because the United States leads in world syndicated programs, it is often accused of
a. democratic elitism.
12. A nation’s newscasts and public affairs programming reflect all of the following except
a. parochialism.
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13. The United States strongly resists the attempts of other countries to limit program imports in a policy
known as
d. “cultural exchange.”
e. “free flow.”
14. Which of the following started an external broadcasting service first?
d. Voice of America
e. Voice of Russia
15. Which of the following does not describe the Voice of America?
a. It is forbidden to release programs in the United States.
d. Voice of America
e. BBC Radio
17. Television Marti broadcasts are aimed at
d. Panama.
e. The Bahamas.
18. Which country originated the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO) and
still owns the largest percentage of its shares?
a. Canada
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True/False Questions
1. Three controlling philosophies of electronic media have emerged over the years: lenient, patriarchal,
6. A nation’s size, terrain, population distribution, neighbors, and location greatly influence its
Essay Questions
1. Differentiate among libertarian, authoritarian, communist, democratic-participant, development, and
social responsibility philosophies that characterize the control of electronic media.
2. How do economics and geography influence a nation’s electronic media development?
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