Answer the question.
61)
A magazine publisher always mails out a questionnaire six months before a subscription ends.
This questionnaire asks its subscribers if they are going to renew their subscriptions. On average,
only 3% of the subscribers respond to the questionnaire. Of the 3% who do respond, an average of
40% say that they will renew their subscription. This 3% who respond to the questionnaire are
known as what?
61)
A)
The population
B)
The sample
List all possible samples from the specified population.
62)
The finalists in an essay competition are Lisa (L), Melina (M), Ben (B), Danny (D), Eric (E), and
Joan (J). Consider these finalists to be a population of interest. List the 15 possible samples (without
replacement) of size two from this population of six finalists.
62)
A)
L,L L,M L,B L,D L,E L,J M,L M,M
M,B M,D M,E M,J B,L B,M B,B
B)
L,M L,B L,D L,E L,J M,B M,D
M,E M,J B,D B,E B,J D,E D,J E,J
C)
L,L L,M L,B L,D L,E L,J M,M M,B
M,D M,E M,J B,B B,D B,E B,J
D)
D,D D,E D,J E,L E,M E,B E,D E,E E,J J,L J,M J,B J,D J,E J,J
Provide an appropriate response.
63)
Thirty of the 198 students enrolled in Statistics 101 were asked if they wanted Exam II to be a
take–home or an in–class assessment. Twenty, or about 67%, of the students polled indicated a
preference for an in–class exam. The professor concluded that the majority of students in Statistics
101 would prefer an in–class examination for the second assessment. Did the professor perform a
descriptive study or an inferential study?
63)
A)
Descriptive
B)
Inferential
A designed experiment is described. Identify the specified element of the experiment.
64)
In a clinical trial, 780 participants suffering from high blood pressure were randomly assigned to
one of three groups. Over a one–month period, the first group received a low dosage of an
experimental drug, the second group received a high dosage of the drug, and the third group
received a placebo. The diastolic blood pressure of each participant was measured at the beginning
and at the end of the period and the change in blood pressure was recorded. Identify the levels of
the factor.
64)
A)
High blood pressure, low blood pressure
B)
The experimental drug
C)
Diastolic blood pressure at the start, diastolic blood pressure at the end
D)
Placebo, low dosage, high dosage
Provide an appropriate response.
65)
A statistics student’s presentation of the results of her study included many charts, graphs, and
tables. Identify the kind of statistical study conducted.
65)
A)
The study was purely descriptive.
B)
The study was necessarily inferential.
C)
The purpose of the study may have been completely descriptive or it might have been
inferential.
Answer the question.
66)
A magazine publisher mails a survey to every subscriber asking about the timeliness of its
subscription service. The publisher finds that only 4% of the subscribers responded. This 4%
represents what?
66)
A)
The population
B)
The sample
A designed experiment is described. Identify the specified element of the experiment.
67)
A herpetologist performed a study on the effects of the body type and mating call of the male
bullfrog as signals of quality to mates. Four life–sized dummies of male bullfrogs and two sound
recordings provided a tool for testing female response to the unfamiliar frogs whose bodies varied
by size (large or small) and color (dark or light) and whose mating calls varied by pitch (high,
normal, or low). The female bullfrogs were observed to see whether they approached each of the
four life–sized dummies. Identify the treatments.
67)
A)
The twelve different possible combinations of the two body sizes, two body colors, and three
mating call pitches
B)
The twelve different possible combinations of the three body sizes, two body colors, and two
mating call pitches
C)
The eighteen different possible combinations of the two body sizes, three body colors, and
three mating call pitches
D)
The eight different possible combinations of the two body sizes, two body colors, and two
mating call pitches
Provide an appropriate response.
68)
The finalists in an essay competition are Lisa (L), Melina (M), Ben (B), Danny (D), Eric (E), and
Joan (J). Consider these finalists to be a population of interest. The possible samples (without
replacement) of size three that can be obtained from this population of six finalists are as follows.
L,M,B L,M,D L,M,E L,M,J L,B,D L,B,E
L,B,J L,D,E L,D,J L,E,J M,B,D M,B,E
M,B,J M,D,E M,D,J M,E,J B,D,E B,D,J
B,E,J D,E,J
If a simple random sampling method is used to obtain a sample of three of the finalists, what are
the chances of selecting Ben, Danny, and Joan?
68)
A)
3
20
B)
1
3
C)
1
2
D)
1
20
A designed experiment is described. Identify the specified element of the experiment.
69)
In a clinical trial, 780 participants suffering from high blood pressure were randomly assigned to
one of three groups. Over a one–month period, the first group received a low dosage of an
experimental drug, the second group received a high dosage of the experimental drug, and the
third group received a placebo. The diastolic blood pressure of each participant was measured at
the beginning and at the end of the period and the change in blood pressure was recorded. Identify
the treatments.
69)
A)
The experimental drug
B)
Diastolic blood pressure at start, diastolic blood pressure at end
C)
Placebo, low dosage of drug, high dosage of drug
D)
Low dosage of drug, high dosage of drug
D)
Provide an appropriate response.
70)
The finalists in an essay competition are Lisa (L), Melina (M), Ben (B), Danny (D), Eric (E), and
Joan (J). Consider these finalists to be a population of interest. The possible samples (without
replacement) of size two that can be obtained from this population of six finalists are as follows.
L,M L,B L,D L,E L,J M,B M,D
M,E M,J B,D B,E B,J D,E D,J E,J
If a simple random sampling method is used to obtain a sample of two of the finalists, what are the
chances of selecting Lisa and Danny?
70)
A)
1
6
B)
1
3
C)
2
15
D)
1
15
D
D)
A designed experiment is described. Identify the specified element of the experiment.
71)
A herpetologist performed a study on the effects of the body type and mating call of the male
bullfrog as signals of quality to mates. Four life–sized dummies of male bullfrogs and two sound
recordings provided a tool for testing female response to the unfamiliar frogs whose bodies varied
by size (large or small) and color (dark or light) and whose mating calls varied by pitch (high,
normal, or low). The female bullfrogs were observed to see whether they approached each of the
four life–sized dummies. Identify the response variable.
71)
A)
The four life–sized dummy male bullfrogs
B)
Whether or not the male frogs were large and light–colored
C)
Whether or not (yes or no) the female frogs approached a male dummy
D)
Large and small; dark and light; call and no call
C
C
Provide an appropriate response.
72)
The table below shows the average income by age group for the residents of one town in the year
1998. The average incomes for each age group are estimates based on a sample of size 100 from
each group.
Age group Average income
18–24 $17,180
25–39 $26,661
40–54 $32,471
55–70 $25,960
Over 70 $18,241
Classify the study as either descriptive or inferential.
72)
A)
Descriptive
B)
Inferential
A designed experiment is described. Identify the specified element of the experiment.
73)
An education researcher was interested in examining the effect of the teaching method and the
effect of the particular teacher on students’ scores on a reading test. In a study, there are four
different teachers (Juliana, Felix, Sonia, and Helen) and three different teaching methods (method
A, method B, and method C). The number of students participating in the study is 258. Students are
randomly assigned to a teaching method and teacher. Identify the response variable.
73)
A)
Teacher
B)
Method A, method B, method C
C)
Teaching method
D)
Score on reading test
74)
A herpetologist performed a study on the effects of the body type and mating call of the male
bullfrog as signals of quality to mates. Four life–sized dummies of male bullfrogs and two sound
recordings provided a tool for testing female response to the unfamiliar frogs whose bodies varied
by size (large or small) and color (dark or light) and whose mating calls varied by pitch (high,
normal, or low). The female bullfrogs were observed to see whether they approached each of the
four life–sized dummies. Identify the levels of each factor.
74)
A)
Body size has three levels: large, medium, and small. Body color has three levels: dark,
medium, and light. Mating call pitch has three levels: high, normal, and low.
B)
Body size has two levels: large and small. Body color has two levels: dark and light. Mating
call pitch has three levels: high, normal, and low.
C)
Body size has three levels: large, medium, and small. Body color has three levels: dark,
medium, and light. Mating call pitch has two levels: high and low.
D)
There are three levels: body size, body color, and mating call pitch
Identify the study as an observational study or a designed experiment.
75)
In a group of 500 men and women, those who smoked did worse on tests of reaction time than
those who did not smoke.
75)
A)
Designed experiment
B)
Observational study
Provide an appropriate response.
76)
A researcher randomly selects a sample of 100 students from the students enrolled at a particular
college. She asks each student his age and calculates the mean age of the 100 students. It is
21.3 years. Based on this sample, she then estimates the mean age of all students enrolled at the
college to be 21.3 years. In what way are descriptive statistics involved in this example? In what
way are inferential statistics involved?
76)
A)
When calculating the mean age of the students in the sample, the researcher is using
inferential statistics. When estimating the mean age of all students at the college, the
researcher is using descriptive statistics.
B)
When calculating the mean age of the students in the sample, the researcher is using
descriptive statistics. When estimating the mean age of all students at the college, the
researcher is using inferential statistics.
Answer the question.
77)
The spell–checker in a desktop publishing application may not catch all misspellings (e.g. their,
there) or correctly interpret the spellings of proper names. Jackie is an expert editor and can
proofread extremely quickly. Jackie is hired by a book publisher to check the spelling of every
word in the latest proof of a history book. With regard to Jackie’s assignment, what is the
population?
77)
A)
The total number of misspellings that Jackie finds in the latest proof of the history book
B)
Every word in the latest proof of the history book
C)
The latest proof of the history book
D)
Finding misspellings in the latest proof of the history book
A designed experiment is described. Identify the specified element of the experiment.
78)
A herpetologist performed a study on the effects of the body type and mating call of the male
bullfrog as signals of quality to mates. Four life–sized dummies of male bullfrogs and two sound
recordings provided a tool for testing female response to the unfamiliar frogs whose bodies varied
by size (large or small) and color (dark or light) and whose mating calls varied by pitch (high,
normal, or low). The female bullfrogs were observed to see whether they approached each of the
four life–sized dummies. Identify the experimental units.
78)
A)
The scientist
B)
The female bullfrogs
C)
The male bullfrogs
D)
All of the frogs, male and female
79)
An education researcher was interested in examining the effect of the teaching method and the
effect of the particular teacher on students’ scores on a reading test. In a study, there are two
different teachers (Juliana and Felix) and three different teaching methods (method A, method B,
and method C). The number of students participating in the study is 258. Students are randomly
assigned to a teaching method and teacher. Identify the treatments.
79)
A)
Juliana and method A, Juliana and method B, Juliana and method C, Felix and method A,
Felix and method B, Felix and method C
B)
Teaching method and teacher
C)
Juliana, Felix, Sonia, and Helen
D)
Method A, method B, method C
Identify the study as an observational study or a designed experiment.
80)
A clinic gives a drug to a group of ten patients and a placebo to another group of ten patients to
find out if the drug has an effect on the patients’ illness.
80)
A)
Designed experiment
B)
Observational study
Provide an appropriate response.
81)
Geologists have an interest in the structure and the history of the earth. A geologist can go back in
time by drilling deep into the ground, retrieving a core sample, estimating the ages of the various
layers, and examining the composition. A timeline can be built of the entire area from where the
core sample was drilled. A geologist may retrieve several core samples to confirm the history of
the earth’s structure in that sampled area. Mountains, lakes, and unstable ground can easily
impede a simple random sampling of a desired geographical area, therefore what is the most
realistic sampling method that represents the actual drillings, comparisons, and scientific
examinations of several core samples within the same geographical area?
81)
A)
Cluster sampling
B)
Systematic sampling
C)
Stratified sampling
D)
Multistage sampling
82)
A meteorologist constructs a graph showing the total precipitation in Phoenix, Arizona in each of
the months of 1998. Does this involve descriptive statistics or inferential statistics?
82)
A)
Descriptive
B)
Inferential
A designed experiment is described. Identify the specified element of the experiment.
83)
An education researcher was interested in examining the effect of the teaching method and the
effect of the particular teacher on students’ scores on a reading test. In a study, there are four
different teachers (Juliana, Felix, Sonia, and Helen) and three different teaching methods (method
A, method B, and method C). The number of students participating in the study is 258. Students are
randomly assigned to a teaching method and teacher. Identify the levels of the factor “teaching
method”.
83)
A)
Method A, method B, method C
B)
Score on reading test
C)
Teaching method and teacher
D)
Juliana, Felix, Sonia, and Helen
Identify the study as an observational study or a designed experiment.
84)
An educational researcher used school records to determine that, in one school district, 84% of
children living in two–parent homes graduated high school while 75% of children living in
single–parent homes graduated high school.
84)
A)
Designed experiment
B)
Observational study
85)
400 patients suffering from chronic back pain were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Over a
four–month period, the first group received acupuncture treatments and the second group received
a placebo. Patients who received acupuncture treatments improved more than those who received
the placebo.
85)
A)
Designed experiment
B)
Observational study
86)
A doctor induces a cardiac stress test to determine the reason for a patient’s illness.
86)
A)
Designed experiment
B)
Observational study
Provide an appropriate response.
87)
A news article appearing in a national paper stated that “The fatality rate from use of firearms sank
to a record low last year, the government estimated Friday. But the overall number of violent
fatalities increased slightly, leading the government to urge an increase in police forces in major
urban areas. Overall, 15,600 people died from violent crimes in 2005, up from 15,562 in 2004,
according to projections from a government source. Is the figure15,600 a descriptive statistic or an
inferential statistic? Is the figure 15,562 a descriptive statistic or an inferential statistic?
87)
A)
The figure15,600 is an inferential statistic since it is indicated in the statement that it is a
projection (probably based on incomplete data for the year 2004). The figure15,562 is an
inferential statistic as well.
B)
The figure15,600 is an inferential statistic since it is indicated in the statement that it is a
projection (probably based on incomplete data for the year 2005). The figure 15,562 is a
descriptive statistic since it reflects the actual number of deaths from violent crimes for the
year 2004.
C)
The figure15,600 is a descriptive statistic since it reflects the actual number of deaths from
violent crimes for the year 2005. The figure15,562 is a descriptive statistic as well.
D)
The figure15,600 is a descriptive statistic since it reflects the actual number of deaths from
violent crimes for the year 2004. The figure15,562 is an inferential statistic since it is indicated
in the statement that it is a projection (probably based on incomplete data for the year 2005).
88)
Based on a random sample of 1000 people, a researcher obtained the following estimates of the
percentage of people lacking health insurance in one U.S. city.
Age Percentage not covered
18–24 28.2
25–39 24.9
40–54 19.1
55–65 16.5
Classify the study as either descriptive or inferential.
88)
A)
Descriptive
B)
Inferential
Identify the study as an observational study or a designed experiment.
89)
An examination of the medical records of 10, 000 women showed that those who were short and
fair skinned had a higher risk of osteoperosis.
89)
A)
Designed experiment
B)
Observational study
Answer the question.
90)
George, a network engineer, ordered 600 CAT 5e Ethernet cables for use at his company’s network.
After receiving these cables, he decided to randomly test 180 of these cables before using them. He
was alarmed to find out that 88% of these cables failed completely. He returned the entire lot to the
manufacturer. When he tested the cables, what was George’s sample?
90)
A)
528 cables
B)
600 cables
C)
180 cables
D)
158 cables
Identify the study as an observational study or a designed experiment.
91)
At one hospital in 1992, 674 women were diagnosed with breast cancer. Five years later, 88% of the
Caucasian women and 83% of the African American women were still alive.
91)
A)
Designed experiment
B)
Observational study
92)
A researcher wished to assess the importance of exercise in weight–loss programs. 412 people, all
considered to be at least 20 pounds overweight, volunteered to participate in a study. The
participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Over a two–month period, the first
group followed a particular diet but were instructed to perform no exercise other than walking.
The second group followed the same diet but also performed aerobic exercise for one hour each
day. At the end of the two months, the weight loss of each participant was recorded. The average
weight loss was calculated for each group and it was found that the average weight loss for the
second group was significantly greater than the average weight loss for the first group.
92)
A)
Designed experiment
B)
Observational study
93)
A political pollster reports that his candidate has a 10% lead in the polls with 10% undecided.
93)
A)
Designed experiment
B)
Observational study
B
List all possible samples from the specified population.
94)
The members of a board of directors have the following roles: president (P), vice president (V),
secretary (S), treasury (T), and fundraiser (F). Consider these board members to be a population of
interest. List the 10 possible samples (without replacement) of size two from this population of five
board members.
94)
A)
P,P P,V P,S P,T P,F V,V V,S V,T V,F S,S
B)
S,T S,F T,P T,V T,S T,F F,P F,V F,S F,T
C)
P,V P,S P,T P,F V,P V,S V,T V,F S,P S,V
D)
P,V P,S P,T P,F V,S V,T V,F S,T S,F T,F
D
Provide an appropriate response.
95)
Before premiering a blockbuster movie at a theater, test screenings are done beforehand. A small
number of selected theaters are chosen geographically throughout the country. Each theater chosen
is supposed to be representative of theatergoers in that area. Everyone is interviewed when the
movie is over. Identify the type of sampling used in this example.
95)
A)
Stratified sampling
B)
Cluster sampling
C)
Systematic sampling
D)
Attempted census
B
A
A designed experiment is described. Identify the specified element of the experiment.
96)
In a clinical trial, 780 participants suffering from high blood pressure were randomly assigned to
one of three groups. Over a one–month period, the first group received a low dosage of an
experimental drug, the second group received a high dosage of the drug, and the third group
received a placebo. The diastolic blood pressure of each participant was measured at the beginning
and at the end of the period and the change in blood pressure was recorded. Identify the response
variable.
96)
A)
Change in diastolic blood pressure
B)
The dosage of the drug
C)
The treatment received (placebo, low dosage, high dosage)
D)
The participants in the experiment
Answer the question.
97)
A magazine publisher mails a survey to every subscriber asking about the quality of its
subscription service. The total number of subscribers represents what?
97)
A)
The population
B)
The sample
Provide an appropriate response.
98)
A pollster uses a computer to generate 500 random numbers and then interviews the voters
corresponding to those numbers. Identify the type of sampling used in this example.
98)
A)
Stratified sampling
B)
Simple random sampling
C)
Cluster sampling
D)
Systematic random sampling
Answer Key
Testname: C1
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Answer Key
Testname: C1
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Answer Key
Testname: C1
Answer Key
Testname: C1