1. Qualitative research is often superior to quantitative research when the purpose of a
research project is to:
A. analyze numerical data to arrive at a conclusion.
2. Quantitative analysis is different from qualitative analysis in that quantitative analysis:
A. is largely inductive.
3. Which of the following is true about qualitative analysis?
A. The data used in qualitative analysis is numerical in nature.
4. The difference between quantitative and qualitative analyses is that:
A. the data used in qualitative analyses is numerical in nature.
5. Grace, an ethnographer, observes the traditional way of serving dinner in a Chinese
household and makes a note of it in her journal. She then asks the head of the family to read her
description to verify that it is accurate. In doing this, Grace is involved in:
E. integration.
6. A researcher reads transcripts from a study and categorizes the data. The researcher
then arranges similar responses together. This process is referred to as:
E. sugging.
7. Which of the following is the first step in the data reduction process?
E. Memoing
8. In the context of qualitative data analysis, a document that lists the different themes or
categories for a particular study is called a:
A. vision statement.
9. _____ is the process through which researchers build theory that is grounded, or based on
the data collected.
A. Member checking
10. In a(n) _____ relationship, a variable can both cause and be caused by the same variable.
A. triangular
11. Which of the following best illustrates a recursive relationship?
A. Job satisfaction increases job performance, which in turn increases leadership opportunities
within a company.
12. Selective coding is best defined as the process of:
A. moving the focus from the development of theory to identification of themes and categories.
13. In the context of data reduction, the _____ process primarily involves working through the
data several times in order to modify early ideas.
E. selective coding
14. Which of the following is true about negative case analysis?
E. Negative case analysis is restricted to the memoing stage of qualitative analyses.
15. _____ is an attribute of qualitative research that affirms that key members within a
culture or subculture agree with the findings of a research report.
A. Iteration
16. In order to establish the emic validity of his or her research findings, a researcher must
primarily show that:
A. similar results have been reported by others working independently on the problem.
17. Lisa conducts a qualitative study of people’s shopping behavior online. She compares her
results to that of similar studies and finds a similarity in the coding of data. On the basis of the
given information, we can say that Lisa’s study:
E. is not credible.
18. Credibility is best defined as the:
A. degree to which a specific investigated issue leads the respondent to give a socially expected
response.
19. In the context of qualitative research, the triangulation technique requires that:
A. textual data be converted to numerical data.
20. Peer review is a process in which research analysis is reviewed by:
E. the participants of the study who received the placebo.
21. When writing a research report, which of the following sections typically includes the
literature review?
E. Research objectives
22. Which of the following is generally included in the last section of the research report?
A. Literature review
23. Which of the following statements about verbatims is true?
A. One can use verbatims in the textual report but not in live presentations.
24. When they are well chosen, verbatims are a particularly powerful way to underscore
important points because they:
E. convert qualitative data into quantitative data.
25. _____ are quotes from research participants that are used in research reports.
E. Triangulations
26. When the objective of a study is to quantify the magnitude of variables and relationships,
one should prefer qualitative over quantitative research.
27. Qualitative data analysis is largely inductive.
28. The categorization and coding of data is part of the theory development process in
qualitative data analysis.
29. The first step in data reduction is comparison.
30. While doing data reduction, a researcher assigns a code to a particular paragraph in a
transcript.
31. In qualitative research, the member checking process eliminates the need for comparison
of constructs.
32. Selective coding typically occurs in the early stages of data analysis.
33. Iteration is the process through which researchers build theory that is grounded, or based
on the data collected.
34. In data reduction, the iterative process may uncover issues that the already collected data
do not address.
35. The general stance of qualitative researchers should be skepticism toward the ideas and
theory they have created based on the data they have collected.
36. In qualitative data analysis, visual displays are commonly used to summarize data.
37. In qualitative research, cross-researcher validity means that the analysis presented in the
report resonates with people inside the studied culture.
38. Member checking best establishes cross-researcher reliability.
39. Triangulation requires that research inquiry be addressed from multiple perspectives.
40. Credibility is increased when key informants and other practicing qualitative researchers
are asked to review the analyses.
41. Member checking and peer review are reported in the methodological section of research
reports.
42. The introductory portion of research reports should present the research problem,
objectives of the research, and the methodology used.
43. When writing a research report, one should start out with specifics and then proceed to
the more general topics.
44. The last part of a written report is a section on conclusions and recommendations.
45. Researchers need to take care that they select, analyze, and present verbatims that are
memorable rather than revealing of patterns in their data.
46. Is qualitative analysis inductive? Explain.
47. Discuss how the process of tabulation might keep researchers honest.
48. How are reliability and validity viewed in the context of qualitative research?
49. Discuss the process of triangulation.
50. Why is it important to explain the research objectives and procedures both to current and
future decision makers?