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273) All of the following statements about a person's moral philosophy are true except which?
A) Moral philosophy is usually in written form in the workplace.
B) Moral philosophy is learned through the process of socialization with family and friends.
C) Moral philosophy is influenced by the corporate culture a person is in.
D) Moral philosophy can be learned through formal education.
E) Moral philosophy is influenced by the societal culture a person is in.
274) Two prominent personal moral philosophies that have direct bearing on marketing practice
are
A) existentialism and pragmatism.
B) pragmatism and idealism.
C) moral idealism and utilitarianism.
D) social responsibility and personal ethics.
E) moral relativism and situational ethics.
275) A personal moral philosophy that considers individual rights or duties as universal,
regardless of the outcome, is referred to as
A) social responsibility.
B) moral idealism.
C) utilitarianism.
D) hedonism.
E) religion.
276) Moral idealism refers to a personal moral philosophy that
A) centers on the idea that good will always triumph over evil.
B) follows the Golden Rule, "You should treat others as you would like others to treat you."
C) all human beings are basically good.
D) considers individual rights or duties as universal, regardless of the outcome.
E) prefers the outcome that provides "the greatest good for the greatest number."
277) Moral idealism refers to
A) a personal moral philosophy that focuses on the greatest good for the greatest number by
assessing the costs and benefits of the consequences of ethical behavior.
B) a democratic consensus of moral principles and laws that govern the behavior of individuals
based on legislation adopted at the federal, state, and local levels.
C) a societal moral philosophy based on the Golden Rule of the Judeo-Christian ethic embodied
in the U.S. Constitution's Bill of Rights.
D) a formal statement of ethical principles and rules of conduct.
E) a personal moral philosophy that considers individual rights or duties as universal, regardless
of the outcome.
278) A moral philosophy that exists in the Consumer Bill of Rights and is favored by moral
philosophers and consumer interest groups is referred to as
A) social responsibility.
B) moral idealism.
C) utilitarianism.
D) hedonism.
E) the Golden Rule.
279) Why did 3M phase out the production of a chemical used as an ingredient in its Scotchgard
fabric protector?
A) New advances in fabric manufacturing, such as dirt repellant fibers, made the need for the
product obsolete.
B) The product accidentally violated the patent rights of a competitor.
C) Traces of the potentially harmful chemical were found in humans, so the product was
voluntarily halted.
D) New governmental legislation banned the production of one of the product's key component
chemicals.
E) The company developed a new product that didn't contain this chemical and was less costly to
produce, resulting in a significantly higher profit margin.
280) The 3M company stopped production of a chemical it had made for more than 40 years
when tests showed the chemical could be accumulated in human tissue, even though the products
in which it was used had no known harmful health or environmental effect. The voluntary action
by 3M is an example of
A) individualism.
B) utilitarianism.
C) existentialism.
D) moral idealism.
E) socialism.
281) Western Digital, the Irvine, California-based maker of disk drives, recalled about 400,000
of its hard drives because of a faulty internal chip. The chip would not affect the disk drive motor
until after six to 12 months of use. This delay in the problem's appearance meant that many
consumers would not think to blame the disk drive manufacturer. But, instead of taking the less
expensive route of remaining quiet about the problem, Western Digital chose to offer
replacement disk drives for all those that had the faulty chip. This action is an example of
A) hedonism.
B) utilitarianism.
C) moral idealism.
D) existentialism.
E) socialism.
282) The owners of Ben & Jerry's Homemade Inc. adhere to the belief that the company should
not harm the environment in any way but actually improve it. This is an example of
A) moral capitalism.
B) utilitarianism.
C) existentialism.
D) moral idealism.
E) socialism.
283) A personal moral philosophy that focuses on "the greatest good for the greatest number" by
assessing the costs and benefits of the consequences of ethical behavior is referred to as
A) utilitarianism.
B) hedonism.
C) existentialism.
D) moral idealism.
E) socialism.
284) According to the personal moral philosophy of ________, if the benefits of a behavior
exceed the costs, that behavior is ethical.
A) hedonism
B) utilitarianism
C) existentialism
D) moral idealism
E) socialism
285) The personal moral philosophy of utilitarianism underlies the economic tenets of
A) existentialism.
B) moral idealism.
C) communism.
D) socialism.
E) capitalism.
286) Nestlé's marketing of Good Start infant formula promoted the product as hypoallergenic.
However, some severely milk-allergic infants experienced serious side effects after using Good
Start, including convulsive vomiting. A Nestlé vice president defended the claim and product,
saying, "I don't understand why our product should work in 100 percent of cases. If we wanted to
say it was foolproof, we would have called it allergy-free. We call it hypo-, or less, allergenic."
Nestlé's actions exemplify which of the following philosophies?
A) existentialism
B) moral idealism
C) communism
D) socialism
E) utilitarianism
287) The idea that organizations are part of a larger society and are accountable to that society
for their actions is referred to as
A) stakeholder responsibility.
B) social responsibility.
C) profit responsibility.
D) utilitarianism.
E) moral idealism.
288) Social responsibility is
A) a personal moral philosophy that focuses on the greatest good for the greatest number by
assessing the costs and benefits of the consequences of ethical behavior.
B) a democratic consensus of moral principles and laws that govern the behavior of individuals
based on legislation adopted at the federal, state, and local levels.
C) a societal moral philosophy based on the Golden Rule of the Judeo-Christian ethic found in
the U.S. Constitution's Bill of Rights.
D) the view that organizations are part of a larger society and are accountable to that society for
their actions.
E) a personal moral philosophy that considers individual rights or duties as universal, regardless
of the outcome.
289) Which of the following statements about social responsibility is most accurate?
A) The three concepts of social responsibility are economic responsibility, internal social
responsibility, and external social responsibility.
B) Organizations are part of a larger society and are accountable to that society for their actions.
C) Societal responsibility focuses on the obligations an organization has to its customers,
employees, suppliers, and distributors.
D) The duty of an organization is most easily understood at the societal responsibility level.
E) social responsibility cannot be taught; it is an innate outgrowth of a person's moral and ethical
belief system.
290) Gap, Inc. ended its relationship with 23 foreign production facilities due to code violations.
Several closings occurred because of the use of child labor. In response to these events, the Gap
created a large team whose purpose is to travel worldwide to ensure compliance with its Code of
Vendor Conduct. This is an example of
A) cause marketing.
B) profit responsibility.
C) utilitarianism.
D) moral idealism.
E) social responsibility.
291) The residents of Alaska and people throughout the world were outraged when the Exxon
Valdez crashed into a shoal and dumped millions of gallons of crude oil into the pristine waters
of Prince William Sound. The company was slow to admit its mistake and even slower to
implement cleanup activities. Exxon was criticized for acting in a manner that would benefit the
organization but not society. In short, Exxon did not demonstrate
A) social responsibility.
B) value consciousness.
C) green marketing.
D) profit responsibility.
E) cause marketing.
292) Profit responsibility, societal responsibility, and stakeholder responsibility are three
concepts of
A) cause marketing.
B) moral idealism.
C) social responsibility.
D) utilitarianism.
E) green marketing.
293) There are three concepts of social responsibility, each relating to particular constituencies.
Profit responsibility is characterized by
A) the triple bottom line, to achieve sustainable, long-term growth.
B) a focus on the obligations an organization has to those who can affect achievement of its
objectives.
C) an engagement in open and free competition without deception or fraud.
D) an unrelenting customer focus.
E) a focus on seller-oriented outcomes.
294) There are three concepts of social responsibility, each relating to particular constituencies.
Stakeholder responsibility is characterized by
A) the triple bottom line, to achieve sustainable, long-term growth.
B) a focus on the obligations an organization has to those who can affect achievement of its
objectives.
C) an engagement in open and free competition without deception or fraud.
D) an unrelenting customer focus.
E) a focus on seller-oriented outcomes.
295) There are three concepts of social responsibility, each relating to particular constituencies.
Societal responsibility can be characterized by
A) the triple bottom line, to achieve sustainable, long-term growth.
B) a focus on the obligations an organization has to those who can affect achievement of its
objectives.
C) an engagement in open and free competition without deception or fraud.
D) an unrelenting customer focus.
E) a focus on seller-oriented outcomes.
296) Profit responsibility refers to
A) the obligation of a firm to price its products or services at a level whereby the consumer is
treated fairly and the firm is still able to make a profit.
B) the view that an organization has an obligation to those who can affect the achievement of its
objectives.
C) the concept that no expansion or additional research and development will occur until a
company is making a profit.
D) the idea that organizations are part of a larger society and are accountable to that society for
their actions.
E) the duty of a firm to maximize financial returns for its owners or stockholders.
297) The duty of a firm to maximize financial returns for its owners or stockholders is referred to
as
A) social responsibility.
B) value consciousness.
C) benefit marketing.
D) profit responsibility.
E) stakeholder responsibility.
298) The groups primarily served by a firm exhibiting profit responsibility include
A) the general public, public interest groups, and the environment.
B) consumers, employees, and supplier/distributors.
C) owners and stockholders.
D) the general public and competitors.
E) state and federal government.
299) Genzyme, the maker of Cerdelga, a drug that treats a genetic illness called Gaucher's
disease that affects 10,000 people worldwide, has been criticized for charging up to $300,000 for
a year's worth of Cerdelga. This is an example of the manufacturer adhering to its
A) utopian responsibility.
B) moral idealism.
C) social responsibility.
D) cause marketing strategy.
E) profit responsibility.
300) Stakeholder responsibility refers to
A) the view that an organization has an obligation to those who can affect the achievement of its
objectives.
B) the obligation of a firm to price its products or services at a level whereby the consumer is
treated fairly and the firm is still able to make a profit.
C) the duty of a firm to maximize profits for its owners or stockholders.
D) the concept that no expansion or additional research and development will occur until a
company is making a profit.
E) the idea that organizations are part of a larger society and are accountable to that society for
their actions.
301) The view that an organization has an obligation to those who can affect the achievement of
its objectives is referred to as
A) social responsibility.
B) value consciousness.
C) benefit marketing.
D) stakeholder responsibility.
E) profit responsibility.
302) The groups primarily served by a firm exhibiting stakeholder responsibility include
A) the general public, public interest groups, and the environment.
B) consumers, employees, suppliers, and distributors.
C) owners and stockholders.
D) the general public, owners, and stockholders.
E) government, owners, and stockholders.
303) Source Perrier S.A., the supplier of Perrier bottled water, exercised ________ when it
recalled 160 million bottles of water in 120 countries after traces of a toxic chemical were found
in 13 bottles. The recall cost the company $35 million and the profit from $40 million in lost
sales. Even though the chemical level was not harmful to humans, the president of the company
believed it was his duty to remove "the least doubt, as minimal as it might be, to weigh on the
image of the quality and purity of our product."
A) moral idealism
B) utilitarianism
C) cause marketing
D) profit responsibility
E) stakeholder responsibility
304) Volkswagen AG was widely criticized for their failure to practice ________ for employing
sophisticated software on selected Volkswagen, Audi, and Porsche models that disguised the
amount of smog pollutants emitted from selected cars. They sold these vehicles with marketing
that claimed that the models utilized "clean diesel" engines.
A) moral idealism
B) stakeholder responsibility
C) utilitarianism
D) cause marketing
E) profit responsibility
305) Societal responsibility refers to
A) the obligation that organizations have to the preservation of the ecological environment and
the general public.
B) the obligation of a firm to price its products or services at a level whereby the consumer is
treated fairly and the firm is still able to make a profit.
C) the view that an organization has an obligation to those who can affect the achievement of its
objectives.
D) the duty of a firm to maximize profits for its owners or stockholders.
E) the idea that organizations are part of a larger society and are accountable to that society for
their actions.
306) The obligation organizations have to the preservation of ecological environment and to the
general public is referred to as
A) community responsibility.
B) stakeholder responsibility.
C) benefit marketing.
D) societal responsibility.
E) profit responsibility.
307) Most paint is neither biodegradable nor friendly to the environment because it is made with
petroleum solvents. A builder who decided to build a subdivision with 500 homes and paint each
with an environmentally friendly, soy-based paint (even though it costs more) would be
practicing
A) profit responsibility.
B) cause marketing.
C) stakeholder responsibility.
D) mass marketing.
E) societal responsibility.
308) the maker of Wrigley chewing gum funded a $10 million ad campaign aimed at getting
African Americans to use doctors for regular health care maintenance instead of only when they
are sick. This is an example of
A) profit responsibility.
B) cause marketing.
C) stakeholder responsibility.
D) societal responsibility.
E) mass marketing.
309) The recognition of the need for organizations to improve the state of people, the planet, and
profit simultaneously if they are to achieve sustainable, long-term growth is referred to as
A) social responsibility.
B) the triple-bottom line.
C) the marketing concept.
D) sustainability.
E) social entrepreneurship.
310) Triple-bottom line refers to
A) the recognition of the need for organizations to improve the state of people, the planet, and
profit simultaneously if they are to achieve sustainable, long-term growth.
B) the obligations an organization has to those who can affect achievement of its sales, profit,
and market share objectives simultaneously.
C) the recognition of the need for organizations to be responsible simultaneously to shareholders,
employees, and customers.
D) the obligations an organization has to practice profit, stakeholder, and societal responsibility
simultaneously.
E) three different financial statements prepared in three different formats: one for governmental
regulators, one for shareholders, and one for internal use.
311) All of the following are the result of an interest in the triple-bottom line except which?
A) sustainable development
B) cause marketing
C) environmental scans
D) green marketing
E) social audits
