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Chapter 02 Cross-Cultural Variations in Consumer Behavior Answer Key
Multiple Choice Questions
1.
Trademarks
2.
Which of the following is a cultural factor that affects consumer behavior and marketing strategy?
3.
Howard Industries is a computer manufacturer located in Laurel, MS. This company is interested in
expanding internationally. Which of the following is a cultural factor that affects consumer behavior and
marketing strategy that Howard Industries needs to be aware of?
4.
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding cross-cultural marketing?
5.
Which one of the four segments of world citizens feels positively about international brands, values
their symbolic aspects, and is less concerned about corporate responsibility?
6.
Which one of the four segments of world citizens feels positively about international brands because
they view them as a signal of higher quality?
7.
_____ is the complex whole that includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, and any other
capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society.
8.
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding culture?
9.
In the United States, promptness is considered a virtue. Americans are expected to be on time to an
event, and they expect others to do so as well. Which aspect of culture best explains this behavior?
10.
The boundaries that culture sets on behavior are called _____.
11.
_____ are rules that specify or prohibit certain behaviors in specific situations.
Topic: The Concept of Culture
12.
Karen's father is an executive for a major international corporation and has been transferred to various
countries over the years. With each move, Karen is enrolled in a new school. Even though English is
spoken in the schools she attends, there are students from all over the world whose parents have jobs
similar to Karen's father. With each new school, Karen spends the first few weeks merely observing the
other students to learn which behaviors are appropriate in specific situations because she's learned that
at each school the kids behave differently. Karen is attempting to learn that student body's specific
_____ regarding behavior.
13.
Norms are derived from _____.
14.
_____ are widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable.
15.
Marketers that wish to expand internationally need to understand a culture's widely held beliefs that
affirm what is desirable. To do this, marketers should study _____.
16.
Violation of cultural norms results in _____, or penalties ranging from mild social disapproval to
banishment from the group.
17.
Robert is 15 years old and has recently moved to a new town and therefore, a new high school. He was
trying to get accepted by a group of kids that he wanted to be friends with. When they asked him to
attend a party over the weekend, he said he'd have to ask his parents for permission. This group of
students laughed at him and called him a "momma's boy" and told him he can't be one of them because
they don't ask parents for permission, they just do what they want. This social disapproval of Robert's
behavior is an example of a(n) _____.
18.
Which of the following is NOT a broad form of cultural values?
19.
_____ values reflect a society's view of the appropriate relationships between individuals and groups
within that society.
20.
Asian societies (i.e., Japan) value collective activity. That is, consumers look toward others for guidance
in purchase decisions and do not respond favorably to promotional appeals focusing on individualism.
Which category of cultural values does this represent?
21.
_____ values prescribe a society's relationship to its economic and technological as well as its physical
environment.
22.
Sam has learned that a country to which his company desires to expand places a high value on
cleanliness and admires nature immensely. Which category of cultural values does this represent?
23.
_____ values reflect the objectives and approaches to life that the individual members of society find
desirable.
24.
Which of the following is an example of an other-oriented value?
25.
Which of the following is NOT an example of an other-oriented value?
26.
Which of the following is an example of an environment-oriented value?
27.
Which of the following is NOT an example of an environment-oriented value?
28.
Which of the following is an example of a self-oriented value?
29.
Which of the following countries tends to value individualism over collectivism?
30.
Jake is in the market for a new car. He's looking at brands such as Mercedes, Lexus, and BMW because
he feels they tell other people that he's successful in life. This is an illustration of which value?
31.
Which culture has traditionally valued the wisdom that comes with age?
32.
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding youth and age?
33.
What is the basis for virtually all societies?
34.
Which of the following statements regarding the masculine/feminine value is FALSE?
35.
The United States is comprised of a culture that accepts a wide array of personal behaviors and
attitudes, foods, dress, and other products and services. Thus, the United States values _____.
36.
_____ refers to the degree to which people accept inequality in power, authority, status, and wealth as
natural or inherent in society.
37.
Which value relates to tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty avoidance?
38.
Which value has a strong influence on entrepreneurship and economic development as well as new-
product acceptance?
39.
_____ tend to feel they don't have control over the outcome of events.
40.
Marie has purchased a brand that she has purchased before. However, the first time she used this brand,
the product failed and she was dissatisfied. Unfortunately, the second time she purchased this brand, the
same thing happened. She's frustrated and wants her money back, but she doesn't feel as though she has
any control over this situation. She's decided that she just needs to accept this poor quality and not
expect so much from the next product she purchases. Marie can be described as a(n) ______.
41.
The fact that Americans are prone to engage in physical activities and to take an action-oriented
approach to problems can be explained through which self-oriented value dichotomy?
Topic: Self-Oriented Values
42.
What are the two types of materialism?
43.
Which type of materialism is the acquisition of things to enable one to do something?
44.
James used his birthday money to buy a skateboard so that he can be out with his friends at the park
skateboarding. Which type of materialism does this represent?
45.
Which type of materialism is the acquisition of items for the sake of owning the item itself?
46.
John and his wife love art and travel the world to purchase artwork that is representative of a country's
culture. Which type of materialism does this represent?
47.
In Germany, one concern retailers have is ensuring that cash drawers have enough money to make
change when consumers make purchases. One company went so far as to use a computerized model that
monitored the weight of the cash drawer and signaled a need for replenishment. This is such a concern
because consumers typically use cash to make purchases, which differs from other countries, such as the
United States, where credit card use is more common. Which cultural value does this illustrate?
48.
Which of the following is most closely related to verbal communications?
49.
Which of the following is NOT a factor that creates problems in literal translations and slang
expressions?
50.
Which of the following is a factor influencing nonverbal communications?
51.
Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing nonverbal communications?
52.
Nicholas is examining how people in India perceive time, space, symbols, relationships, agreements,
things, and etiquette. He is interested in these factors because they influence _____.
53.
_____ are the arbitrary meanings a culture assigns actions, events, and things other than words.
