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Page 1
1. Which of the following is NOT one of the steps that must happen before data can be analyzed?
a.
Editing the data
b.
Coding the data
c.
Interpreting the data
d.
Building the data file
e.
Cleaning the data
ANSWER:
c
RATIONALE:
All of these are steps that must happen before data can be analyzed except
interpreting the data. See 16-1: Editing the Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Remember
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.01 - Explain the purpose of the editing process.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 8:13 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 8:14 AM
2. The main aim of editing is to
a.
ensure that the analysis is valid.
b.
establish minimum quality standards for the raw data.
c.
establish a balance between costs and accuracy.
d.
establish codes for the raw data.
e.
impose maximum quality standards on the raw data.
ANSWER:
b
RATIONALE:
The main aim of editing is to establish minimum quality standards for the raw data.
See 16-1: Editing the Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Remember
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.01 - Explain the purpose of the editing process.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 8:15 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 8:16 AM
3. The editing process involves
a.
the inspection of the data received from each sample element.
b.
the correction of the data received from each sample element.
c.
the transformation of the raw data received from each sample element into symbols.
d.
All of these are correct.
e.
the inspection and correction of the data received from each sample element.
ANSWER:
e
RATIONALE:
The editing process involves the inspection and correction of the data received
from each sample element. See 16-1: Editing the Data.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 2
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Remember
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.01 - Explain the purpose of the editing process.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 8:18 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
9/21/2017 11:06 AM
4. During the editing process, the analyst must
a.
ensure units used for open-ended question are consistent.
b.
decide how to deal with cases that have incomplete answers.
c.
determine what to do about cases with obviously wrong answers.
d.
All of these are correct.
e.
None of these are correct.
ANSWER:
d
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Remember
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.01 - Explain the purpose of the editing process.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 8:19 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
9/21/2017 11:07 AM
5. Which of the following statements about the editing process are TRUE?
a.
When it's obvious a respondent hasn't taken the study seriously, his or her answers should be dropped.
b.
All completed questionnaires should be kept.
c.
All incomplete questionnaires should be dropped.
d.
You can't change incorrect answers because you have no way of knowing the respondent's original intent.
e.
All partially complete questionnaires should be kept.
ANSWER:
a
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.01 - Explain the purpose of the editing process.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 8:21 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 8:21 AM
6. The purpose of the coding process is to
a.
transform raw data into symbols.
b.
encrypt the raw data so that it is secure from unauthorized use.
c.
determine if the raw data meets minimum quality standards.
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Page 3
d.
detect incorrect or invalid responses.
e.
separate completed questionnaires from incomplete ones.
ANSWER:
a
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Remember
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.02 - Define coding.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 8:22 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 8:23 AM
7. If a respondent indicates that he drives a foreign car, then later, in the same questionnaire, identifies it as a Ford, the
editor should
a.
change the "Ford" identification to "unknown foreign".
b.
change the "foreign" identification to "domestic".
c.
throw out both responses.
d.
determine which of the responses is correct.
e.
Any of these may be correct.
ANSWER:
e
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Apply
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.01 - Explain the purpose of the editing process.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 8:24 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 8:24 AM
8. You have just completed data collection for a research project. Which of the following is the first thing you should do
with the data?
a.
Build a data file
b.
Determine the categories or classes you'll use to code open-ended questions
c.
Examine the data to detect and resolve incorrect, missing, or incomplete responses
d.
Run frequencies on the data to check for blunders
e.
Develop your codebook to document how raw data is coded in the data file
ANSWER:
c
RATIONALE:
The first step that should be taken is to examine the data to detect and resolve
incorrect, missing, or incomplete responses. See 16-1: Editing the Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Apply
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.01 - Explain the purpose of the editing process.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 4
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 8:25 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 10:22 AM
9. The most difficult type of responses to code are
a.
close-ended, multiple response (e.g., "Check all that apply") questions.
b.
open-ended, exploratory questions.
c.
close-ended, single response questions.
d.
open-ended, factual questions.
e.
None of these are correct.
ANSWER:
b
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Remember
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.02 - Define coding.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 8:37 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
9/21/2017 11:07 AM
10. Which of the following might NOT be an appropriate strategy for dealing with missing information on a
questionnaire?
a.
Throw out the entire questionnaire
b.
Overlook the missing information and code the remaining answers
c.
Substitute information based on the responses of similar respondents
d.
None of these are appropriate.
e.
All of these might be appropriate.
ANSWER:
e
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.07 - Discuss options for dealing with missing data.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 8:40 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
9/21/2017 11:08 AM
11. Coding transforms raw data into ____ that may be ____.
a.
secondary data, tabulated
b.
symbols, manipulated
c.
accessible form, automatically retrieved
d.
tables, easily perceived
e.
tables, analyzed for relationships between variables
ANSWER:
b
RATIONALE:
Coding transforms raw data into symbols that may be manipulated. See 16-2:
Coding Data.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 5
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Remember
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.02 - Define coding.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 8:42 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 8:42 AM
12. Which of the following are valid software applications an analyst might use to build the data file?
a.
Word processing software
b.
Database software
c.
Spreadsheet software
d.
Statistical packages such as SPSS
e.
All of these are correct.
ANSWER:
e
RATIONALE:
All of these are valid software applications to build the data file. See 16-3:
Aggregating Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.03 - Explain why data must sometimes be aggregated.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 8:44 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 8:45 AM
13. Which of the following statements is(are) TRUE regarding coding?
a.
The classes should always be mutually exclusive and exhaustive.
b.
Multiple responses should never be coded.
c.
Coding closed-ended questions is more difficult than coding open-ended questions.
d.
Alphabetic codes should be assigned to the classes.
e.
All of these are true statements.
ANSWER:
a
RATIONALE:
The classes should always be mutually exclusive and exhaustive. See 16-2:
Coding Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.02 - Define coding.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 8:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
9/21/2017 11:08 AM
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 6
14. You are coding a survey that asks the question "Please tell us your age: _____", where the respondent fills in the
blank with a number corresponding to his or her age. The best way to code this information is
a.
using narrow categories, such as the following: Under 18, 19-21, 22-25, 26-29, 30-33, etc.
b.
recording the actual age.
c.
using broad categories, such as the following: Under 20, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, etc.
d.
None of these are correct.
e.
All of these are correct.
ANSWER:
b
POINTS:
1
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 8:47 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
9/21/2017 11:09 AM
15. The following categories of ages are ____ and ____, but not ____: “18-24/25-34/35-44/45-54/55 and over”
a.
closed-ended, exhaustive, mutually exhaustive
b.
open-ended, mutually exclusive, exhaustive
c.
closed-ended, mutually exclusive, exhaustive
d.
exhaustive, mutually exclusive, open-ended
e.
None of these are correct.
ANSWER:
c
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.02 - Define coding.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 8:48 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 8:49 AM
16. Which of the following is NOT a recommended coding convention?
a.
Use as many columns as necessary for the field
b.
Locate only one character in each column
c.
Use alphabetic codes if possible
d.
Use consistent codes for similar types of responses
e.
Code in an identification number for each questionnaire
ANSWER:
c
RATIONALE:
All of these are recommended coding conventions except using alphabetic codes if
possible. See 16-2: Coding Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.02 - Define coding.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 7
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 8:50 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 8:51 AM
17. Which of the following questions do you think would be the easiest to code?
a.
What are the three characteristics that you find most pleasing when using product X?
b.
Have you ever used product X? ____ Yes ____ No
c.
What religious denomination do you consider yourself?
d.
Please specify the type of television set in your home?
e.
How do you feel about commercials on children's TV shows?
ANSWER:
b
RATIONALE:
The easiest to code would be: Have you ever used product X? ____ Yes ____ No.
See 16-2: Coding Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.02 - Define coding.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 8:52 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 8:53 AM
18. Which of the following is FALSE with respect to the coding of open-ended questions?
a.
The use of several coders can lead to inconsistent treatment of answers.
b.
Open-ended questions are generally more difficult to code than closed-ended questions.
c.
The coder must determine categories on the basis of answers that are not always anticipated.
d.
Coding open-ended questions is typically less expensive than coding closed-ended questions.
e.
When the task requires multiple coders, each coder should be assigned parts of the questionnaire for all
questionnaires rather than a subset of the questionnaires.
ANSWER:
d
RATIONALE:
All of these statements are true except that coding open-ended questions is
typically less expensive than coding closed-ended questions. See 16-2: Coding
Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.02 - Define coding.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 8:55 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 8:56 AM
19. When coding data for computer analysis, which of the following is NOT recommended?
a.
Use only one symbol per column in the computer record
b.
Use alphabetic characters
c.
Assign as many columns to a variable as is necessary to capture the variable, e.g., two columns would need
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 8
to be assigned to a question with 20 possible answers
d.
Use standard codes like "8" for all "No answers" and "9" for all "Don't know" throughout the study
e.
Leave data ungrouped
ANSWER:
b
RATIONALE:
All of these are recommended except using alphabetic characters. See 16-2:
Coding Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.02 - Define coding.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 8:57 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 8:58 AM
20. The location of each variable in the data array and the way in which it was coded are contained in a
a.
diary.
b.
random file.
c.
codebook.
d.
focus group.
e.
catalog.
ANSWER:
c
RATIONALE:
The location of each variable in the data array and the way in which it was coded
are contained in a codebook. See 16-3: Aggregating Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.05 - Describe the kinds of information contained in a codebook
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 8:59 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 9:00 AM
21. The BEST way to handle missing items when analyzing the data is to
a.
leave the item blank and report the number blank as a separate category.
b.
eliminate the case with the missing item in analyses using the variable.
c.
substitute values for the missing item.
d.
eliminate the case from all further analyses.
e.
There is no single best way for handling missing items.
ANSWER:
e
RATIONALE:
There is no single best way for handling missing items. See 16-5: Handling
Missing Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 9
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.07 - Discuss options for dealing with missing data.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 9:05 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 9:06 AM
22. Which of the following statements about the coding process is FALSE?
a.
During the coding process, data is categorized.
b.
Raw data are transformed into symbols during the coding process.
c.
Coding involves judgment on the part of the coder.
d.
The coding process occurs almost automatically.
e.
All of these statements about the coding process are true.
ANSWER:
d
RATIONALE:
All of these statements are true except that the coding process occurs almost
automatically. See 16-2: Coding Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.02 - Define coding.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 9:07 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 9:08 AM
23. In a job satisfaction survey, respondents were asked to indicate how many years they had worked for the company.
One respondent wrote "ten months" in response to the item. A conversion of the answer to the correct unit of time
(years) would be most likely to take place during the
a.
building of the data file.
b.
editing process.
c.
coding process.
d.
data analysis.
e.
collection phase.
ANSWER:
b
RATIONALE:
This would take place during the editing process. See 16-1: Editing Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.01 - Explain the purpose of the editing process.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 9:09 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 9:10 AM
24. What is the best way to code data from a survey that contains many open-ended, exploratory questions in order to
reduce bias?
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Page 10
a.
Use the most experienced researcher to do the coding
b.
Use two researchers to do the coding and have them compare their results
c.
Use any researcher but have him or her double-check the coding
d.
Use computer software to do the coding
e.
Use an outside researcher who is unfamiliar with the project to do the coding
ANSWER:
b
RATIONALE:
Using two researchers to do the coding and have them compare their results
would be the best approach. See 16-2: Coding Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.02 - Define coding.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 9:12 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 9:13 AM
25. A data-entry operator was having a bad day while inputting data from your research project. He occasionally entered
"9" when meaning to enter "3". This is an example of a(n)
a.
excusable error.
b.
blunder.
c.
codebook error.
d.
outlier.
e.
nonresponse error.
ANSWER:
b
RATIONALE:
This is an example of a blunder. See 16-4: Cleaning the Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Apply
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.06 - Describe common methods for cleaning the data file.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 9:14 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 9:15 AM
26. Which of the following strategies for handling missing data makes maximum use of the data?
a.
Substituting values for the missing data
b.
Reporting the number of blanks as a separate category
c.
Eliminating the case with the missing data in analyses using the variable(s) for which data is missing
d.
Eliminating questionnaires with missing data
e.
None of these are correct.
ANSWER:
a
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 11
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.07 - Discuss options for dealing with missing data.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 9:16 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 9:16 AM
27. Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice for coding data and entering it into a file?
a.
Assign specific column locations for particular variables
b.
When a question allows multiple responses, use the same variable for each response option
c.
Use only numeric codes, not letters of the alphabet or special characters like @
d.
Use standard codes for "no information"
e.
Code a respondent identification number on each record
ANSWER:
b
RATIONALE:
All of these are recommended practices except using the same variable for each
response option when a question allows multiple responses. See 16-2: Coding
Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.02 - Define coding.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 9:17 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 9:18 AM
28. A respondent indicated she redeemed a coupon at Walmart last week but later indicated that she had not visited a
Walmart in over two weeks. This type of response poses a problem of
a.
completeness.
b.
legibility.
c.
comprehensibility.
d.
consistency.
e.
uniformity.
ANSWER:
d
RATIONALE:
This type of response poses a problem of consistency. See 16-1: Editing Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Apply
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.01 - Explain the purpose of the editing process.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 9:19 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 9:20 AM
29. Which of the following might indicate that a respondent lacked interest in a questionnaire?
a.
Check marks are not within the boxes provided.
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Page 12
b.
Scribbles on the questionnaire
c.
Spills on the questionnaire
d.
It's unlikely that these mistakes occur due to lack of interest.
e.
All of these examples may indicate a lack of respondent interest.
ANSWER:
e
RATIONALE:
All of these examples may indicate a lack of respondent interest. See 16-1: Editing
the Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.01 - Explain the purpose of the editing process.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 9:21 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 9:21 AM
30. In descriptive research, most of the items included in a questionnaire are likely to be
a.
precoded.
b.
closed-ended.
c.
open-ended.
d.
exhaustive.
e.
mutually exclusive.
ANSWER:
b
RATIONALE:
In descriptive research, most of the items included in a questionnaire are likely to
be closed-ended. See 16-2: Coding Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.02 - Define coding.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 9:22 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 9:23 AM
31. Which of the following statements about open-ended questions is FALSE?
a.
Precoding is not necessary.
b.
Response categories are provided for respondents.
c.
There are multiple legitimate responses.
d.
When categorizing open-ended responses, it is often necessary to include an "other" category.
e.
All of these statements about open-ended questions are true.
ANSWER:
b
RATIONALE:
All of these are true except that response categories are provided for the
respondents. See 16-2: Coding Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 13
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.02 - Define coding.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 9:24 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 9:25 AM
32. Multiple coders are recommended for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
a.
The use of multiple coders can shorten the amount of time it takes to code.
b.
Multiple coders can help reduce bias in the interpretation of different responses.
c.
Results can easily be compared to ensure agreement among coders.
d.
The use of multiple coders makes the coding process less expensive.
e.
All of these are legitimate reasons for using multiple coders.
ANSWER:
d
RATIONALE:
All of these are reasons to use multiple coders except that it makes it less
expensive. See 16-2: Coding Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.02 - Define coding.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 9:35 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 9:36 AM
33. In a multiple-column record of a data file, ____ represent different variables and ____ represent different
respondents.
a.
codes, numbers
b.
numbers, codes
c.
rows, columns
d.
columns, rows
e.
codes, symbols
ANSWER:
e
RATIONALE:
In a multiple-column record of a data file, codes represent different variables and
symbols represent different respondents. See 16-3: Aggregating Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.03 - Explain why data must sometimes be aggregated.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 9:38 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 9:39 AM
34. Which of the following is a recommended strategy for handling missing data?
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Page 14
a.
Eliminate case(s) with missing item(s) from all further analyses
b.
Eliminate the case with the missing item in analyses using the variable
c.
Substitute values for the missing items
d.
Contact the respondent again
e.
All of these could be used.
ANSWER:
e
RATIONALE:
All of these could be used. See 16-5: Handling Missing Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.07 - Discuss options for dealing with missing data.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 9:40 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 9:41 AM
35. At a minimum, a codebook should include all of the following EXCEPT
a.
the results of the study.
b.
the variable name to be used in statistical analyses for each variable included in the data file.
c.
the column(s) in which each variable is located in the data file.
d.
a description of how each variable is coded.
e.
an explanation of how missing data are treated in the data file.
ANSWER:
a
RATIONALE:
All of these should be included except the results of the study. See 16-3:
Aggregating Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.05 - Describe the kinds of information contained in a codebook
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 9:42 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 9:43 AM
36. A questionnaire uses a 1-5 Likert scale to determine job satisfaction. When entering the data into a file, a researcher
types a 7 instead of the 4 that the respondent had circled on the questionnaire. Such a mistake can be uncovered by
performing what type of analysis?
a.
Analysis of variance
b.
Regression and double-entry
c.
Double-entry
d.
Frequency analysis
e.
Double-entry and frequency analysis
ANSWER:
e
RATIONALE:
This is an example of regression and frequency analysis. See 16-5: Handling
Missing Data.
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Page 15
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Apply
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.07 - Discuss options for dealing with missing data.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 9:44 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
9/21/2017 11:11 AM
37. Treatment of missing data depends mainly on the
a.
purpose of the study.
b.
incidence of the missing items.
c.
methods that will be used to analyze the data.
d.
None of these are correct.
e.
All of these are correct.
ANSWER:
e
RATIONALE:
All of these affect the treatment of missing data. See 16-5: Handling Missing Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.07 - Discuss options for dealing with missing data.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 9:48 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
9/21/2017 11:11 AM
38. Which of the following is NOT a step in coding open-ended responses?
a.
Identify separate responses given by each individual
b.
Specify categories into which the responses can be placed
c.
Place each response into as many categories as possible
d.
Assess the degree of agreement between multiple coders
e.
All of these are steps in the process of coding open-ended responses.
ANSWER:
c
RATIONALE:
All of these are steps in coding open-ended responses except placing each
response into as many categories as possible. See 16-2: Coding Data.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Remember
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.02 - Define coding.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 9:51 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 9:52 AM
39. After supervising an entire study, John went through every questionnaire to check for completeness, legibility,
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 16
comprehensibility, consistency, and uniformity. John was conducting what is known as editing.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
True / False
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.01 - Explain the purpose of the editing process.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 9:53 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 9:53 AM
40. Tom was given the task of assigning numbers to each of the classification categories. For example, Freshman were
assigned a 1, Sophomore a 2, and so on. This is known as the process of assigning.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
True / False
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.01 - Explain the purpose of the editing process.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 9:54 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 9:55 AM
41. While not a formal rule, if half or more of the responses are missing on a survey, it is recommended to drop that
case entirely.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
True / False
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.01 - Explain the purpose of the editing process.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 9:56 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 9:57 AM
42. In descriptive research, most of the items included in a questionnaire are likely to be open-ended.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
POINTS:
1
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Page 17
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
True / False
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.02 - Define coding.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 9:58 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 9:58 AM
43. The most difficult questions to code are questions using the Likert scales.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
True / False
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.02 - Define coding.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 9:59 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 10:00 AM
44. Blunders are errors that occur during editing, coding, and especially data entry.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
True / False
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.04 - Discuss the merging of data.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 10:03 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 10:04 AM
45. Optical scanning uses scanner technology to "read" responses on paper surveys and then stores these responses in a
data file.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
True / False
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.03 - Explain why data must sometimes be aggregated.
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Page 18
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 10:05 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 10:06 AM
46. The codebook is essentially a map to help the researcher navigate from data collection to data editing.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
True / False
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.05 - Describe the kinds of information contained in a codebook
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 10:07 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 10:07 AM
47. On most projects, frequencies should initially be run on all variables to help identify blunders.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
True / False
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.04 - Discuss the merging of data.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 10:08 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 10:09 AM
48. Coding is the process of transforming raw data into symbols.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
True / False
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.02 - Define coding.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 10:09 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 10:10 AM
49. The coding process involves considerable effort on the part of the coder when the question type is closed-ended.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
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Page 19
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
True / False
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.02 - Define coding.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 10:11 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 10:13 AM
50. An error that arises during editing, coding, or data entry is called a blunder.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
True / False
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.04 - Discuss the merging of data.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 10:14 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 10:14 AM
51. The use of scanner technology to "read" responses on paper surveys and to store these responses in a data file is
called optical scanning.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
True / False
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.04 - Discuss the merging of data.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 10:15 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 10:16 AM
52. Item nonresponse is a source of nonsampling error that arises when a respondent agrees to an interview but
refuses, or is unable, to answer specific questions.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
True / False
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.07 - Discuss options for dealing with missing data.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 10:16 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 10:17 AM
53. Compare and contrast the various methods or options for dealing with missing data in analyses.
ANSWER:
Several methods or options exist, including (1) reporting missing information as a
separate category, (2) eliminating the case with missing information from all analyses, (3)
eliminating the case with missing information from only analyses using variables with
missing information, (4) substituting values for the missing items, and (5) contacting the
respondent again. The fifth option, contacting the respondent again, is the best way to
get the data in the respondent's own words but might not be the most viable, especially if
the data were provided anonymously. The four remaining options have pros and cons but
be reminded, if data is harder to get, eliminating data collected becomes more difficult to
justify.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Essay
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
16.07 - Discuss options for dealing with missing data.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 10:18 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 10:21 AM
