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RATIONALE:
This is an example of stratified sampling. See 14–3: Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Apply
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.04 – List the primary types of probability samples.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 5:34 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 5:36 AM
49. Which of the following are advantages of stratified over simple random sampling?
a.
Ensures adequate representation from each stratum of interest
b.
Can produce more precise sample statistics
c.
Allows for the comparison of variables between strata
d.
Takes advantage of homogeneity within groups
e.
All of these are correct.
ANSWER:
e
RATIONALE:
All of these are advantages of stratified over simple random sampling. See 14–3: Selecting
a Sampling Procedure.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.04 – List the primary types of probability samples.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 5:36 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 5:38 AM
50. A researcher wishes to sample from a population in which two important segments make up less than 2% of the
population but wishes to develop confidence intervals describing their behaviors. Which type of sampling is most
appropriate?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ANSWER:
a
RATIONALE:
Stratified sampling would be appropriate for this situation. See 14–3: Selecting a Sampling
Procedure.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Apply
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.04 – List the primary types of probability samples.
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Page 22
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 5:38 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 5:40 AM
51. Under which of the following conditions can the population mean be estimated without error employing a stratified
sample?
a.
When the population is partitioned so that the number of elements in each stratum is proportional to size of
the sample to be taken from each stratum.
b.
When the population is partitioned so that the elements in each stratum are equal.
c.
When the population is partitioned in such a way that the variances within strata are equal.
d.
When the population is partitioned so that the elements in each stratum are normally distributed.
e.
None of these are correct.
ANSWER:
b
RATIONALE:
When the population is partitioned so that the elements in each stratum are equal. See
14–3: Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.04 – List the primary types of probability samples.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 5:40 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 5:42 AM
52. The interesting thing about confidence intervals established employing stratified sampling is that
a.
the within-strata variability does not enter into the calculation of the standard error of estimate.
b.
the between-strata variability does not enter into the calculation of the standard error of estimate.
c.
neither the within-strata variability nor the between-strata variability enters into the calculation of the
standard error of estimate.
d.
the confidence interval is wider than that established employing simple random sampling.
e.
the sample mean provides a biased estimate of the population mean.
ANSWER:
b
RATIONALE:
The between-strata variability does not enter into the calculation of the standard error of
estimate. See 14–3: Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.04 – List the primary types of probability samples.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 5:42 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 5:44 AM
53. Which of the following is TRUE?
a.
When sampling from a population that is highly skewed, a cluster sample generally provides the most
representative sample.
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Page 23
b.
Stratified sampling is a very useful sampling technique. It allows closer examination of the characteristics of
particular subgroups. It also lowers the chance of error by ensuring that subgroups are adequately
represented in the sample. However, this method generally produces less precise estimates of population
values than simple random samples.
c.
In calculating the standard error of the mean when using a stratified sample, one finds that differences
among strata means do not enter the estimate.
d.
When using proportional allocation in stratified random sampling, one samples from each of the strata in
proportion to their respective variabilities.
e.
The sampling distribution of means for stratified sampling is generally less concentrated than that obtained
from simple random sampling.
ANSWER:
c
RATIONALE:
In calculating the standard error of the mean when using a stratified sample, one finds
that differences among strata means do not enter the estimate. See 14–3: Selecting a
Sampling Procedure.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.04 – List the primary types of probability samples.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 5:44 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 5:46 AM
54. To determine the necessary sample size, you need to know how
a.
homogeneous or similar the population is on the characteristic to be estimated.
b.
much precision is needed in the estimate.
c.
confident you need to be that the true value falls within the precision range you’ve established.
d.
All of these are correct.
e.
None of these are correct.
ANSWER:
d
RATIONALE:
All of these are needed to determine the necessary sample size. See 14–4: Determining How Big a
Sample You Need.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Remember
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 5:46 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
9/20/2017 3:16 PM
55. The differences between a cluster sample and a stratified sample are that in a
a.
cluster sample, the parent population is divided into mutually exclusive and exhaustive subsets.
b.
stratified sample, the parent population is divided into mutually exclusive and exhaustive subsets.
c.
stratified sample, a simple random sample of elements is chosen independently from each group or subset,
while in a cluster sample, a random sample of the subsets is selected.
d.
cluster sample, a simple random sample of elements is chosen independently from each group or subset,
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Page 24
while in a stratified sample, a random sample of the subsets is selected.
e.
None of these are correct.
ANSWER:
c
RATIONALE:
The differences between a cluster sample and a stratified sample are that in a stratified
sample, a simple random sample of elements is chosen independently from each group or
subset, while in a cluster sample, a random sample of the subsets is selected. See 14–3:
Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.04 – List the primary types of probability samples.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 5:48 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 5:50 AM
56. One goal of stratified sampling plans is to decrease the amount of variability in each stratum. This can be
accomplished by
a.
making the strata internally heterogeneous.
b.
increasing the amount of sampling error.
c.
decreasing the magnitude of the overall sample mean.
d.
making the strata internally homogeneous.
e.
using a 99% confidence level instead of a 95% confidence level.
ANSWER:
d
RATIONALE:
This can be accomplished by making the strata internally homogeneous. See 14–3:
Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.04 – List the primary types of probability samples.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 5:50 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 5:52 AM
57. When stratifying the population, the characteristics should be as
a.
close in value as possible within each strata.
b.
far apart in value as possible between any two strata.
c.
far apart in value as possible within each strata.
d.
None of these are correct.
e.
close in value as possible within each strata and far apart in value as possible between any two strata.
ANSWER:
e
RATIONALE:
When stratifying the population, the characteristics should be as close in value as possible
within each strata and as far apart in value as possible between any two strata. See 14–3:
Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
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Page 25
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.04 – List the primary types of probability samples.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 5:52 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
9/20/2017 3:17 PM
58. One indication of homogeneity within strata is the
a.
size of the stratum’s sample mean.
b.
size of the overall sample mean.
c.
number of elements within each stratum.
d.
weights used to calculate the overall variance of estimate.
e.
size of the standard error of estimate by stratum.
ANSWER:
e
RATIONALE:
One indication of homogeneity within strata is the size of the standard error of estimate
by stratum. See 14–3: Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.04 – List the primary types of probability samples.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 5:54 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 5:56 AM
59. One feature that distinguishes stratified samples from quota samples is that stratified sampling elements are
selected ____ while quota sampling elements are selected ____.
a.
statistically, deterministically
b.
probabilistically, judgmentally
c.
judgmentally, probabilistically
d.
probabilistically, randomly
e.
empirically, deterministically
ANSWER:
b
RATIONALE:
One feature that distinguishes stratified samples from quota samples is that stratified
sampling elements are selected probabilistically while quota sampling elements are
selected judgmentally. See 14–3: Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.04 – List the primary types of probability samples.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 5:57 AM
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Page 26
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 5:58 AM
60. Interviewers are told to select a fixed number of men and a fixed number of women from certain city blocks
although the choice of which men and which women is left up to them. This is a
a.
simple random sample.
b.
quota sample.
c.
stratified sample.
d.
cluster sample.
e.
probability sample.
ANSWER:
b
RATIONALE:
This is a quota sample. See 14–3: Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Apply
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.03 – List the primary types of nonprobability samples.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 5:59 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 6:01 AM
61. The distinguishing feature of cluster samples in comparison to other probability sampling plans is that cluster
samples
a.
provide each population element with an equal chance of being included in the sample.
b.
provide each population element with a known chance of being included in the sample.
c.
involve the partitioning of the parent population into mutually exclusive and exhaustive subsets.
d.
involve the partitioning of the parent population into mutually exclusive and exhaustive subsets and the
probabilistic selection of elements from each subset.
e.
utilize the probabilistic selection of groups rather than elements.
ANSWER:
e
RATIONALE:
The distinguishing feature of cluster samples in comparison to other probability sampling
plans is that cluster samples utilize the probabilistic selection of groups rather than
elements. See 14–3: Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.04 – List the primary types of probability samples.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 6:01 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 6:03 AM
62. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a.
In cluster sampling, the parent population is broken into mutually exclusive and exhaustive sub-groups and a
simple random sample is selected from each subgroup.
b.
Cluster samples are most statistically efficient when the clusters are internally homogeneous.
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c.
In order to yield high statistical efficiency, each cluster in a cluster sample should include as many diverse
universe values as possible.
d.
One of the main advantages of cluster sampling over simple random sampling is its greater statistical
efficiency for the same size sample.
e.
All of these statements are false.
ANSWER:
c
RATIONALE:
Incorrect. In order to yield high statistical efficiency, each cluster in a cluster sample
should include as many diverse universe values as possible. See 14–3: Selecting a Sampling
Procedure.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.04 – List the primary types of probability samples.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 6:03 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 6:06 AM
63. Which of the following types of probability samples does not require a complete list of population elements by name
in order to draw the sample?
a.
Stratified sample
b.
Systematic sample
c.
Simple random sample
d.
Cluster sample
e.
Quota sample
ANSWER:
d
RATIONALE:
This describes a cluster sample. See 14–3: Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.04 – List the primary types of probability samples.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 6:06 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 6:08 AM
64. Area sampling is a form of
a.
cluster sampling.
b.
stratified sampling.
c.
quota sampling.
d.
convenience sampling.
e.
simple random sampling.
ANSWER:
a
RATIONALE:
Area sampling is a form of cluster sampling. See 14–3: Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
POINTS:
1
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Page 28
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.04 – List the primary types of probability samples.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 6:08 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 6:10 AM
65. A researcher is seeking a representative sample (of size n=50) of Fortune magazine’s list of the 500 largest industrial
corporations. She randomly decides to begin at company number 4 and then select every 10th company until 50 have
been selected. The researcher is using what type of sampling plan?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ANSWER:
c
RATIONALE:
This is an example of systematic sampling. See 14–3: Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Apply
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.04 – List the primary types of probability samples.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 6:10 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 6:12 AM
66. The primary advantage of area sampling plans is
a.
area sampling data is easy to tabulate and analyse.
b.
they don’t require probability-based methods of element selection.
c.
results can be generalized from one area to another without loss of statistical efficiency.
d.
they don’t require a list of elements from the population of interest.
e.
the results are more understandable for the general public than other more complex plans.
ANSWER:
d
RATIONALE:
The primary advantage of area sampling plans is they don’t require a list of elements from
the population of interest. See 14–3: Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Understand
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.04 – List the primary types of probability samples.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 6:15 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 6:17 AM
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Page 29
67. Based on the selection of a random number, every sixth block in a city in which the blocks are numbered from 1 to
960 is to be surveyed by contacting each household. This sample is
a.
area.
b.
systematic.
c.
one-stage.
d.
a, b, and c are correct.
e.
None of these are correct.
ANSWER:
d
RATIONALE:
This sample is all of the above. See 14–3: Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Apply
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.04 – List the primary types of probability samples.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 6:17 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 6:19 AM
68. A market researcher divides the Dallas metropolitan area into blocks having roughly equal populations. He then
selects a random sample of blocks and sends interviewers to each block. The inter-viewers are instructed to interview
every eighth dwelling unit. This is ____ sampling.
a.
one-stage area
b.
two-stage area
c.
quota
d.
two-stage systematic
e.
stratified
ANSWER:
b
RATIONALE:
This is two-stage area sampling. See 14–3: Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Apply
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.04 – List the primary types of probability samples.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 6:19 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 6:21 AM
69. In a one-stage area sample of 10 blocks from a population of 100 blocks, the probability of any household being
included in the sample is
a.
0.10.
b.
0.01.
c.
1.10.
d.
100%.
e.
Cannot be determined with information given in the question
ANSWER:
a
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RATIONALE:
The probability of any household being included is 0.10. See 14–3: Selecting a Sampling
Procedure.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Apply
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.04 – List the primary types of probability samples.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 6:21 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 6:23 AM
70. A researcher divides the city of Flint, Michigan, into 500 blocks of 10 households each. She requires a sample of 400
households. She selects a sample by randomly selecting 100 blocks and randomly selecting 4 households per block. This
is an example of ____.
a.
systematic sampling
b.
two-stage area sampling
c.
probability-proportional-to-size sampling
d.
one-stage area sampling
e.
sequential sampling
ANSWER:
b
RATIONALE:
This is an example of two-stage area sampling. See 14–3: Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Apply
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.04 – List the primary types of probability samples.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 6:23 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 6:25 AM
71. Using probability sampling, Sam collected data on the number of dogs owned in each household in the Houston
area. He analyzed his data and determined that 1.3 dogs are owned in each household. He might conclude from this
information that there is a probability that at least one dog is owned by every household in Texas. Sam used ____ to
draw this conclusion.
a.
statistical inference
b.
intuition
c.
crystal ball inference
d.
intention processing
e.
perceptual mapping
ANSWER:
a
RATIONALE:
This is an example of statistical inference. See 14–3: Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Apply
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
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Page 31
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.04 – List the primary types of probability samples.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 6:25 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 6:27 AM
72. If you decided to interview members of your class with regard to issues relating to the university and college life, you
would have selected the ____ as a means of sampling members of the total population.
a.
simple random sample
b.
stratified random sample
c.
cluster (area) sample
d.
convenience sample
e.
quota sample
ANSWER:
d
RATIONALE:
Convenience sampling would be appropriate for the situation. See 14–3: Selecting a
Sampling Procedure.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Apply
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.03 – List the primary types of nonprobability samples.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 6:27 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 6:29 AM
73. If you enter a shopping mall and notice a researcher handing out surveys to everyone asking their opinion about a
possible increase in state sales tax rates, what type of sampling procedure is being used?
a.
Convenience sample
b.
Implied sample
c.
Simple random sample
d.
Systematic sample
e.
Quota sample
ANSWER:
a
RATIONALE:
This is an example of convenience sampling. See 14–3: Selecting a Sampling Procedure.
POINTS:
1
DIFFICULTY:
Easy
REFERENCES:
Apply
QUESTION TYPE:
Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES:
False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
14.03 – List the primary types of nonprobability samples.
DATE CREATED:
7/31/2017 6:30 AM
DATE MODIFIED:
7/31/2017 6:31 AM
74. If a local newspaper reporter tries to gather information about perceptions of a proposed comprehensive “senior
exit exam” by interviewing officers from the university‘s student senate (because they are well informed about the
feelings of the general student body), what type of sampling procedure is he using?