Consumer Behavior, 12e (Schiffman/Wisenblit)
Chapter 11 Culture’s Influence on Consumer Behavior
1) Given the broad and pervasive nature of ________, its study generally requires a detailed
examination of the character of the total society.
A) culture
B) consumer behavior
C) subculture
D) social class
E) individualism
2) ________ express(es) the collective principles, standards, and priorities of a community.
A) Social class
B) Cultural values
C) Conformity
D) Consumer behavior
E) Subculture
3) In terms of consumer behavior, ________ is the collective values, customs, norms, arts, social
institutions, and intellectual achievements of a particular society which express its principles,
standards, and priorities.
A) conformity
B) individualism
C) culture
D) society
E) subculture
4) A ________ is a symbolic activity consisting of a series of steps occurring in a fixed sequence
and repeated periodically.
A) belief
B) ritual
C) culture
D) value
E) custom
5) Singing the national anthem before the start of a sports event is described as a ________.
A) belief
B) ritual
C) culture
D) norm
E) custom
6) The ________ level of cultural norms reflects the underlying dimensions of culture that
impact multiple societies.
A) supranational
B) national
C) group
D) reference group
E) subcultural
7) In-crowd, pop mavericks, networked intelligentsia, and thrill renegades are examples of four
segments developed based on a lifestyle matrix of global youth aged 14 to 24 at the ________
level.
A) supranational
B) national
C) group
D) reference group
E) subcultural
8) The segment of global youth aged 14 to 24 that acts as the hub of online social networks,
focuses on revolution, creativity, and deconstruction, and has members that prefer cult brands
like Vespa and Vans, is called ________.
A) in-crowd
B) pop mavericks
C) networked intelligentsia
D) thrill renegades
E) pop rebels
9) The segment of global youth aged 14 to 24 that spreads word of mouth rapidly, values
passion, individuality, and instant gratification, and prefers personalized brands like Diesel and
Adidas, is called ________.
A) in-crowd
B) pop mavericks
C) networked intelligentsia
D) thrill renegades
E) pop rebels
10) ________ offer(s) order, direction, and guidance for problem solving by providing tried and
true methods of satisfying physiological, personal, and social needs.
A) Beliefs
B) Values
C) Self-concept
D) Culture
E) Rationality
11) Culture can exist and sometimes reveal itself at different perceived or subjective levels. The
________ level reflects the underlying dimensions of culture that impact multiple cultures or
different societies.
A) international
B) supranational
C) subnational
D) national
E) group
12) Culture can exist and sometimes reveal itself at different perceived or subjective levels. The
________ level refers to shared core values, customs, and personality factors that represent the
core of the “national character” of a particular country.
A) supernational
B) supranational
C) subnational
D) national
E) group
13) Insights on what is suitable to wear for a specific occasion, and other dress codes, are
something we learn through ________.
A) travel
B) culture
C) values
D) technical learning
E) consumer behavior
14) The ________level reflects the subdivisions of a country or society, such as subcultures and
the influences of various reference groups.
A) supranational
B) national
C) individual
D) reference
E) group
15) Cultural beliefs, values, and customs continue to be followed as long as ________.
A) we learn new ones from other cultures
B) that culture exists
C) they are similar to other cultures, beliefs, and values
D) they yield need satisfaction and other benefits
E) a society’s members speak a common language
16) Whereas ________ takes place when parents, older siblings, and family members teach
younger members how to behave, ________ takes place when children imitate the behaviors of
others like family, friends, or TV and movie heroes and characters.
A) informal learning; technical learning
B) technical learning; informal learning
C) informal learning; formal learning
D) formal learning; informal learning
E) technical learning; formal learning
17) Jake learned what brands of food to buy at the grocery store by going grocery shopping with
his mother as a child, watching her, and imitating her. This constitutes ________.
A) formal learning
B) media learning
C) informal learning
D) televised learning
E) technical learning
18) Carla learned how to go about shopping for a new car when her father specifically sat her
down and told her what to look for at dealerships and how to negotiate the best price. This
constitutes ________.
A) formal learning
B) media learning
C) informal learning
D) televised learning
E) technical learning
19) ________ happens when teachers instruct children, in educational environments, about what
should be done, how it should be done, and why it should be done, in social as well as personal
settings.
A) Formal learning
B) Media learning
C) Informal learning
D) Televised learning
E) Technical learning
20) The learning of one’s own culture is known as ________.
A) acculturation
B) exculturation
C) proculturation
D) inculcation
E) enculturation
21) The learning of a new or foreign culture is known as ________.
A) acculturation
B) exculturation
C) proculturation
D) inculcation
E) enculturation
22) When marketers plan to sell their products in foreign or multinational markets, they must go
through a process of ________ in order to ensure that their products and marketing messages are
suitable for the foreign culture.
A) acculturation
B) exculturation
C) proculturation
D) inculcation
E) enculturation
23) The enculturation process consists of teaching children and young adults consumption–
related values and skills like ________.
A) the meaning of money and value
B) how to judge product quality
C) styles and preferences
D) product usage
E) all of the above
24) Which of the following is a way that marketers transmit information that allows consumers
to express shared cultural values?
A) magazines
B) virtual communities
C) blogs
D) tweets
E) all of the above
25) A ________ is anything that represents something else.
A) belief
B) custom
C) symbol
D) more
E) value
26) The Nike Swoosh is an example of a(n) ________.
A) nonverbal symbol
B) acculturation output
C) verbal symbol
D) technical learning output
E) enculturation output
27) A(n) ________ is anything that represents something else and can be either verbal or
nonverbal.
A) verbal communications
B) ritual
C) culture
D) symbol
E) enculturation
28) Stores where clothes are sold and the items’ prices are ________ of their quality.
A) rituals
B) customs
C) artifacts
D) slang
E) symbols
29) A ________ is a type of symbolic activity consisting of a series of steps occurring in a fixed
sequence and repeated over time.
A) communication
B) ritual
C) symbol
D) culture
E) target
30) From a marketing standpoint, ________ is/are important since that is often what the
marketers sell.
A) results of the ritualistic behavior on society
B) outcome of the ritual
C) consistency of the ritual over time
D) artifacts that are associated with the performance of the ritual
E) the pervasiveness of the ritual in the society
31) Cards, presents, cakes, and candles are ________ for birthday rituals.
A) artifacts
B) values
C) beliefs
D) symbols
E) cultures
32) Towels, exercise clothes, water, and portable music players are ________ for going to the
gym.
A) symbols
B) customs
C) rituals
D) beliefs
E) values
33) The ________ serves as the primary agent for enculturation.
A) teacher
B) media
C) religious institution
D) family
E) educational institution
34) Within a cultural context, advertising has the expanded mission of ________.
A) generating new consumer needs
B) acculturating the young
C) enhancing consumer awareness of the needs of others
D) replacing the family as the primary vehicle for consumer socialization
E) aiding in the dissemination of new tastes, habits, and customs
35) Studying societies via analysis of the content of verbal, written, and pictorial
communications is known as ________.
A) value measurement
B) consumer fieldwork
C) participant observation
D) field observation
E) content analysis
36) A study of more than 250 ads appearing in eight issues of Seventeen magazine, four Japanese
issues, and four American issues, found that teenage girls are portrayed differently. The
researcher concluded that these “differences correspond to each country’s central concepts of self
and society.” This study is an example of ________.
A) value measurement
B) consumer fieldwork
C) participant observation
D) field observation
E) content analysis
37) When anthropologists immerse themselves in the environment under study, this technique is
called ________.
A) value measurement
B) depth interviews
C) field observation
D) group observation
E) content analysis
38) Hype Mobile Phones wants to learn how consumers decide which mobile phones to
purchase, so it places researchers in mobile phone stores and has them pose as salespeople. In
this example, researchers are ________.
A) third-party observers
B) actors
C) participant-observers
D) active researchers
E) imitators
39) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of field observation?
A) It takes place within a natural environment.
B) It is generally performed without the subjects’ awareness of being watched.
C) It focuses on observation of behavior.
D) It most frequently focuses on in-home product usage and consumption.
E) All of these are characteristics of field observation.
40) The type of food that is typically shared with family and others is categorized as ________ in
the context of cultural settings.
A) symbolic
B) individual
C) cultural
D) social
E) experience
41) The ________ is a widely used self-administered value inventory that is divided into
terminal and instrumental value items.
A) Rokeach Value Survey
B) List of Values
C) VALS
D) Chapin’s Value Structure Scale
E) Attitude Toward Helping Others Scale
42) ________ are personal goals, while ________ are the basic approaches that an individual
might take to achieve those goals.
A) Instrumental values; terminal values
B) Social values; core values
C) Core values; cultural values
D) Terminal values; instrumental values
E) Cultural values; terminal values
43) Within cultural values, happiness and self-respect are examples of ________.
A) instrumental values
B) core values
C) cultural values
D) social values
E) terminal values
44) Within cultural values, a comfortable exciting life, happiness, and inner harmony are
examples of ________.
A) personal aspects of terminal values
B) interpersonal aspects of terminal values
C) competence aspects of instrumental values
D) moral aspects of instrumental values
E) moral aspects of terminal values
45) Within cultural values, a world of peace and beauty and national security are examples of
________.
A) personal aspects of terminal values
B) interpersonal aspects of terminal values
C) competence aspects of instrumental values
D) moral aspects of instrumental values
E) moral aspects of terminal values
46) Within cultural values, being ambitious, intellectual, and responsible are examples of
________.
A) personal aspects of terminal values
B) interpersonal aspects of terminal values
C) competence aspects of instrumental values
D) moral aspects of instrumental values
E) moral aspects of terminal values
47) Within cultural values, being forgiving, helpful, and polite are examples of ________.
A) personal aspects of terminal values
B) interpersonal aspects of terminal values
C) competence aspects of instrumental values
D) moral aspects of instrumental values
E) moral aspects of terminal values
48) According to the Rokeach typology of cultural orientation, communications aimed at
individuals who have a personal terminal value focus and competence instrumental values should
emphasize ________.
A) conformity, caring for others, and social consciousness
B) concern for societal issues and intense conviction to advance such causes
C) one’s sense of accomplishment, self-respect, and striving for a comfortable life and
independence
D) helping others and the role of one’s skills in doing so
E) moral inequity and its role in society
49) According to the Rokeach typology of cultural orientation, communications aimed at
individuals who have a personal terminal value focus and moral instrumental values should
emphasize ________.
A) conformity, caring for others, and social consciousness
B) concern for societal issues and intense conviction to advance such causes
C) one’s sense of accomplishment, self-respect, and striving for a comfortable life and
independence
D) helping others and the role of one’s skills in doing so
E) moral inequity and its role in society
50) According to the Rokeach typology of cultural orientation, communications aimed at
individuals who have an interpersonal terminal value focus and moral instrumental values should
emphasize ________.
A) conformity, caring for others, and social consciousness
B) concern for societal issues and intense conviction to advance such causes
C) one’s sense of accomplishment, self-respect, and striving for a comfortable life and
independence
D) helping others and the role of one’s skills in doing so
E) moral inequity and its role in society
51) Gordon’s surveys of personal and interpersonal values included personal values and
interpersonal values. Which of the following is an example of a social value?
A) achievement
B) goal orientation
C) variety
D) recognition
E) routines
52) ________ is the value associated with a preference for well-defined objectives and
completing tasks.
A) Goal orientation
B) Achievement
C) Variety
D) Conformity
E) Leadership
53) The Protestant work ethic, which considers hard work to be wholesome, spiritually
rewarding, and an appropriate end in itself, is one of the roots of the American value of
________.
A) efficiency
B) personal achievement
C) practicality
D) activity
E) success
54) When an ad for Everlast fitness equipment encourages bike riders to train harder and states
Everlast’s power packs enable them to recover faster from strenuous training, it is focused on the
individual rider’s quest for ________.
A) humanitarianism
B) freedom of choice
C) materialism
D) practicality
E) achievement
55) In an American cultural context, whereas ________ is its own direct reward, ________
implies an extrinsic reward.
A) success; achievement
B) activity; success
C) achievement; success
D) achievement; efficiency
E) success; efficiency
56) Which of the following American core values serves as a social and moral justification for
the acquisition of goods and services in a context such as “you worked for it” or “you deserve
it”?
A) materialism
B) progress
C) achievement and success
D) external conformity
E) individualism
57) Americans place an extraordinary amount of importance on being involved and keeping
busy. This is a widely accepted core value that relates to ________.
A) achievement and success
B) freedom
C) efficiency and practicality
D) time and activity
E) external conformity
58) Verve shampoo has come out with a new hair-care product that is a shampoo and conditioner
in one, so consumers can wash and condition their hair in one easy step. This product appeals to
Americans’ value of ________.
A) efficiency
B) achievement
C) progress
D) freedom of choice
E) success
59) Americans’ love affair with products that save time and effort, such as the microwave, are
examples of the important core value of ________ in this culture.
A) progress
B) achievement and success
C) freedom of choice
D) efficiency and practicality
E) external conformity
60) In a consumption-oriented society, such as that of the United States, the core value of
________ often means the acceptance of change, new products, or services designed to fulfill
unsatisfied needs.
A) achievement and success
B) activity
C) material comfort
D) progress
E) freedom