1. The mean is best defined as the:
A. value that appears in a distribution most often.
2. Which of the following is true of the mean?
A. It is a qualitative measure.
3. Which of the following is true of the median?
A. It cannot be determined for data that are skewed to either the right or left.
B. It is the distance between the smallest and largest values in a set of responses.
4. The _____ is the middle value of a distribution when the distribution is ordered in either
an ascending or a descending sequence.
A. mean
5. Which of the following is true of the mode?
E. It is unaffected by data values being added or deleted.
6. Which of the following measures of central tendency is the best for nominal data?
A. Mean
7. Which of the following statements is true of the range?
A. It is a measure of central tendency.
8. A researcher is told that the average age of respondents in a survey is 49 years. She is
interested in finding out if most respondents are close to 49 years old. The measure that would
most accurately answer this question is:
A. mean.
9. The _____ describes the average distance of distribution values from the mean.
D. mode
E. median
10. Assume that the mean of a distribution is 10 and the standard deviation is 2. If we
subtract each value in the distribution from the mean and add them up, the result would be close
to:
A. 100.
11. Variance is:
D. a statement that is the opposite of the null hypothesis.
E. the error made by rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true.
12. Which of the following statements is true of hypotheses?
A. They can be derived from current business situation but not from previous research theory.
13. Researchers must use parametric statistics when:
E. manual data entry is not possible.
14. Which of the following statements about the Chi-square test is true?
E. Categorical data from questions about sex, education, or other nominal variables cannot be
tested with this statistic.
15. Which of the following is an example of an independent sample?
A. The average number of energy drinks consumed per day by a group of male students is
compared to the average number of energy drinks consumed per day by the general population.
16. Which of the following statements is true about the
t
-test?
E. The
t
-test cannot be used for interval or ratio data.
17. Researchers use analysis of variance to determine the:
A. average distance of distribution values from the mean.
18. Which of the following statements is true of the analysis of variance technique?
E. It is primarily used to design skip questions.
19. In the context of ANOVA, which of the following conditions implies that the chances of
the differences being statistically significant are greater?
A. When the variance within groups is zero
B. When the variance across groups is very low, while the variance within groups is very high
20. If the between-group variance is 3 and the within-group variance is 2, then the F ratio is:
A. 1.
21. Which of the following statements about the Scheffé test is correct?
A. If the difference between each pair of means falls inside the range of the confidence interval,
then the null hypothesis is rejected.
22. Which of the following is true about the n–way analysis of variance (ANOVA)?
A. The use of multiple independent factors in n-way ANOVA reduces the possibility of an
interaction effect.
23. Which of the following tests flags the means that are statistically different from each
other?
A. Chi-square test
24. Perceptual mapping is a process that is used to:
A. create a three-dimensional representation of the responses of the participants in a study.
25. Terenco Inc. wants to rank the popularity of the top car manufacturers in the country. In
order to do this, Terenco presents a list of top car manufacturers to a test group and asks the
participants to rank them based on the dimensions of reliability and luxury. Terenco then plots
the opinions of the respondents on a two-dimensional graph. In this scenario, Terenco is
engaging in _____.
A. perceptual mapping
26. Measures of central tendency locate the center of a distribution.
27. If the means of two groups are same, then the underlying distributions of the two groups
must also be the same.
28. If the number of data observations is odd, the median is generally considered to be the
average of the first and last values.
29. For interval or ratio data, the mean is appropriate, except when there are extreme values
within the interval or ratio data, which are referred to as outliers.
30. In order to use the formula to calculate standard deviation, one must first calculate the
mean of distribution.
31. The purpose of inferential statistics is to make a determination about a population on the
basis of a sample from that population.
32. Generally, actual population parameters are unknown since the cost to perform a true
census of almost any population is prohibitive.
33. Univariate statistics use several variables at a time to generalize about a population from
a sample.
34. Univariate statistical tests are most appropriate to test hypotheses that compare the
characteristics of two groups.
35. Cross-tabulation is one of the most complex methods for describing sets of relationships.
36. Researchers can use the Chi–square test to determine whether responses observed in a
survey follow the expected pattern.
37. Chi-square analysis enables researchers to test for statistical significance between the
frequency distributions of two or more nominally scaled variables in a cross-tabulation table to
determine if there is any association between the variables.
38. In the context of the chi-square test, one solution to small counts in individual cells is to
collapse them into fewer cells to get larger counts.
39. In independent samples, the questions are independent but the respondents are the
same.
40. The bivariate
t
-test does not require interval or ratio data like the univariate
t
-test.
41. When one independent variable is studied across three or more groups, it is referred to as
a one-way ANOVA.
42. In the context of the F-test, the smaller the difference in the variance between groups, the
larger the F ratio.
43. The Scheffé follow-up test identifies differences between all pairs of means at high and
low confidence interval ranges.
44. Perceptual maps are visual representations of respondents’ perceptions of a company,
product, service, brand, or any other object in three dimensions.
45. A perceptual map typically has a vertical and a horizontal axis that are labeled with
descriptive adjectives.
46. Discuss how standard deviation is a more comprehensive measure of dispersion than
range.
47. How are sample statistics different from population parameters?
48. Which test would you use to determine if the frequencies reported in cross-tabulations
are statistically different?
49. When would you use ANOVA instead of a chi-square test?
50. What is perceptual mapping?