1. Which of the following is the last step in the data preparation process?
A. Data validation
2. Which of the following is the first step in the data preparation process?
E. Data tabulation
3. In marketing research, interviewers submitting false data for surveys are said to be ____.
A. coding
4. Which of the following is an example of curbstoning?
5. Which of the following is permissible in the process of validation?
A. An interviewer may inject a tone of negativity into the interviewing process.
B. A researcher may contact the respondents to reaffirm the negativity of the interviewer.
6. Which of the following is true of skip questions?
A. In order to speed through the data collection process, an interviewer may ask the respondent
a few skip questions.
B. If an interviewer (or respondent on a self-administered survey) fails to follow instructions for
skip questions, he or she cannot recontact respondents and verify their responses to skip
questions.
7. If a researcher asks if a tone of negativity was injected into the interviewing process, the
researcher is dealing with a question of:
A. fraud.
B. screening.
8. The process where raw data are checked for mistakes made by either the interviewer or
the respondent is known as _____.
A. screening
B. data validation
9. Which of the following is true of data editing?
A. Before being validated, data must be edited for mistakes.
B. Editing determines whether a survey’s interviews or observations were conducted correctly
and are free of fraud or bias.
10. When conducting a survey, a researcher decides to assign a value of 1 if the respondent
is male and a value of 2 if the respondent is female. By assigning numbers to different genders,
the researcher is engaged in the process of:
E. data tabulation.
11. _____ is the process of grouping and assigning values to various responses from a survey
instrument.
E. Screening
12. The first step in developing codes for the anticipated responses to open-ended questions
is:
A. consolidating the responses.
13. Which of the following is true of coding?
A. The process of coding begins by assigning a numerical value as a code.
14. When a questionnaire involves a structured open-ended question as part of a survey,
the:
A. coding task for multiple responses becomes more time consuming.
15. In the context of the data coding process, researchers can never analyze the actual
answers of respondents in more detail if the:
E. responses were edited by the researchers.
16. The best way to handle omitted responses is to:
A. determine whether the software used for data entry performs “error edit routines” that
identify the wrong type of data.
17. Which of the following statements is true of the fourth step in the data coding process,
where a coded value is assigned to each response?
A. It follows the data entry phase of data preparation.
B. It is the step where omissions are either coded or left out.
18. In the data preparation process, the data entry step is not necessary when:
E. open-ended questions are used.
19. The first step in error detection is to:
A. reject an error value when it is very large or very small for a particular scaled item on the
questionnaire.
20. A missing data situation is created when:
E. an interviewer engages in memoing.
21. The simple process of counting the number of observations (cases) that are classified
into certain categories is known as _____.
E. data entry
22. Calculate the mode of the following raw responses: 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 7, and 8.
A. 4
23. Calculate the range of the following raw responses: 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 7, and 8.
A. 4
24. Which of the following measures requires that the responses be first arranged in a
hierarchical pattern?
A. Average
25. Which of the following measures is an indicator of how similar or dissimilar the numbers
are in a set of responses?
A. Average
26. With traditional data collection methods, the data preparation process starts before the
interviews, questionnaires, or observation forms have been completed and returned to the field
supervisor or researcher.
27. Some data collection methods require activities in all stages, while other methods
involve only limited data preparation.
28. Data is validated using the curbstoning process.
29. When information is obtained from internal data warehouses, it must be checked for
availability, consistency, correct format, and so on.
30. In the process of editing responses to open-ended questions, researchers typically fill out
the incomplete answers based on their best judgment.
31. Codes must be assigned to facilitate quantitative data analysis only after responses are
reviewed and themes and common words and patterns are identified.
32. The objective of the coding process is to expand the number of individual responses to a
larger set of specific, yet related categories of answers that can be assigned numerical codes.
33. Developing consolidated categories is a subjective decision.
34. If an optical scanning approach is used to enter data, assigning a coded value to each
response is absolutely necessary to avoid problems in the data entry phase.
35. Scanning technology cannot be used to enter data.
36. A coded value can be rejected if it is too large or too small for a particular scaled item on a
questionnaire.
37. Missing data may occur when a respondent simply does not see a question, or is in a hurry
to complete the survey and simply skips a question.
38. The most recommended approach to dealing with missing data is to use the mean of the
entire sample that answered the question as a replacement value.
39. Cross-tabulation is most often used with nominal or ordinal scaled data.
40. A one-way frequency table shows the number of respondents who answered each
possible response to a question given the available alternatives.
41. Cross-tabulation is the most effective way to categorize single variables existing in a
study.
42. In order to establish valid percentages, missing responses must be removed from the
calculation.
43. The two types of measures often used to describe data are quantitative and qualitative
measures.
44. Percentage distribution can be calculated by converting a frequency distribution into
percentages.
45. In order to determine the mode of a set of responses, one has to find the number with the
lowest frequency.
46. Describe the process of data validation.
47. Under which of the following conditions are respondents typically recontacted?
48. What are the several ways of dealing with missing data?
49. What is the difference between a one-way tabulation and a cross-tabulation?
50. Discuss the advantages of one-way tabulations.