Chapter 4—Social Responsibility and Ethics in Marketing
ESSAY
1. Define and describe the importance of social responsibility in marketing.
2. Define marketing citizenship and describe the impact of its dimensions on organizations.
3. Provide an overview of important social responsibility issues in marketing, and indicate their impact
on marketing decisions.
4. Define green marketing, and explain why it is difficult to implement.
5. Discuss the difference between social responsibility, ethics, and sustainability in marketing.
6. Describe the factors that influence the ethical decision-making process and identify ways to improve
ethical decisions in marketing.
7. Discuss some of the important ethical issues in marketing.
8. Discuss the responsibilities of an ethics officer.
9. How can a code of conduct encourage ethical behavior in an organization?
10. What are some ways to determine if an activity is ethical or socially responsible?
MULTIPLE CHOICE
11. Which of the following statements about social responsibility is correct?
a.
Social responsibility dimensions do not include philanthropic concerns.
b.
Social responsibility does not deal with the total effect of all marketing decisions on
society.
c.
Social responsibility refers to a company’s obligation to maximize its positive impact and
minimize its negative impact on society.
d.
Social responsibility dimensions do not include economic concerns.
e.
Social responsibility refers to principles and standards that define acceptable conduct in
marketing as determined by various stakeholders.
12. If Hefty Bags expresses concern that its products are having too great an impact on the pollution of
ground water under landfills, this concern is directly related to the firm’s
a.
social responsibility.
b.
marketing concept.
c.
legal responsibility.
d.
ethical responsibility.
e.
corporate benevolence.
13. Honeybees are disappearing at an alarming rate and since they pollinate about a third of all foods we
eat, it is an important concern. That’s why Haagen-Dazs launched a microsite to increase the
awareness of the issue. In addition, it launched a “Twitcause” campaign on Twitter, raising $7,000 in
2 days. This example illustrates the positive consequences of
a.
social responsibility.
b.
corporate benevolence.
c.
green marketing.
d.
ethical responsibility.
e.
economic responsibility.
14. After news reports that pharmaceutical giant Merck was aware that its arthritis-fighting drug Vioxx
may cause heart problems, the firm’s stock plummeted and hundreds of lawsuits were filed against the
company. This demonstrates what can occur if firms ignore
a.
marketing citizenship.
b.
sociocultural forces.
c.
environmental causes.
d.
social responsibility.
e.
laws regulating car design.
15. Socially responsible business practices have provided all of the following benefits except
a.
creating goodwill toward the organization.
b.
attracting employees.
c.
reducing marketing costs.
d.
generating publicity for the firm.
e.
positively impacting local communities.
16. The adoption of a strategic focus for fulfilling the economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic social
responsibilities expected by stakeholders is called
a.
marketing citizenship.
b.
social responsibility.
c.
stakeholders.
d.
cause-related marketing.
e.
strategic philanthropy.
17. One way in which marketers can demonstrate social responsibility is through programs in
sustainability. Which of the following is not included as a goal of sustainability?
a.
long-term well-being of the natural environment
b.
focus primarily on the external environment of the company
c.
consider individuals as part of the natural environment
d.
adopting more eco-friendly business practices
e.
improving technologies that protect the natural environment
18. Any constituent who has a claim in some aspect of a company’s products, operations, markets,
industry, or outcomes is known as a(n)
a.
shareholder.
b.
customer.
c.
employee.
d.
manager.
e.
stakeholder.
19. Companies that are considered to be good corporate citizens and consider the diverse perspectives of
different groups affected by their operations are said to have a ____ orientation.
a.
marketing
b.
sales
c.
production
d.
stakeholder
e.
citizen
20. The Kofton Corporation produces all types of jeans that are sold to retailers throughout the world.
Hank, the purchasing director at Kofton, has found a supplier who will provide new fabrics that are
easier to launder and more comfortable to wear. Additionally, they are available at a lower price than
the current jeans Kofton buys. Since Kofton wants to satisfy its customers and its bottom line, Hank
thinks he has a winner. However, when presenting the news to his management team, one of them
asks “will there be any child labor involved with this new supplier?” Hank has forgotten ____ which
is important to the Kofton Corporation.
a.
the philanthropic position.
b.
marketing citizenship.
c.
a stakeholder orientation.
d.
community relations.
e.
social responsibility.
21. Which of the following is not a dimension of social responsibility and marketing citizenship?
a.
Economic
b.
Ethical
c.
Legal
d.
Technological
e.
Philanthropic
22. Which of the following is not one of the four dimensions of social responsibility presented in your
text?
a.
Consumerism
b.
Philanthropic
c.
Ethical
d.
Economic
e.
Legal
23. Kaitlyn understands that even small businesses like her local catering business have certain
responsibilities to society. She knows that she must abide by the laws that apply to her business and try
to make a profit. What are the other obligations Kaitlyn should know?
a.
Ethical and moral
b.
Economic and ethical
c.
Philanthropic and legal
d.
Environmental and ethical
e.
Ethical and philanthropic
24. The RedCap Corporation is committed to social responsibility. It is looking for a new shipping partner
and has found LogiSpec, one that seems to be perfect since it employs individuals with disabilities,
contributes a portion of profit to the local school system, and allows its employees to work on flex–
time. RedCap is very interested in LogiSpec’s attention to social responsibility. However, its pricing
is almost 12% higher than other shippers RedCap is considering. The fact that RedCaps’ decision has
to balance the company’s desire for social responsibility and investors’ desires for profits is an example
of a(n) ____ responsibility.
a.
ethical
b.
legal
c.
cost
d.
philanthropic
e.
economic
25. All companies have a responsibility to ____ so they can provide a return on investment to their owners
and investors, create jobs for the community, and contribute goods and services to the economy.
a.
offer the lowest price
b.
be profitable
c.
obey their customers
d.
provide the largest selection possible
e.
pay employees more than minimum wage
26. As a firm fulfills its basic economic responsibilities, it must simultaneously
a.
treat its employees equitably.
b.
follow a code of business ethics.
c.
utilize green marketing techniques.
d.
have a philanthropic focus.
e.
obey laws and regulations.
27. DoneRight Inc. is a very profitable automobile repair shop. The company is well known for its great
service and involvement in the community, but it fails to properly dispose of its used oil as outlined in
environmental regulations. DoneRight is failing in its ____ responsibilities.
a.
legal
b.
ethical
c.
economic
d.
philanthropic
e.
strategic
28. According to the text, marketing ethics refers to principles and standards that define
a.
improper behavior in marketing.
b.
acceptable conduct in society.
c.
improper behavior in business.
d.
acceptable conduct in marketing.
e.
acceptable conduct in general.
29. Marketing ethics
a.
refers to laws and regulations that govern marketing.
b.
refers to principles and standards that define acceptable conduct in marketing.
c.
maximizes an organization’s positive impact and minimizes its negative impact on society.
d.
is most important for advertising agencies.
e.
applies well-defined rules for appropriate marketing behavior.
30. The most basic principles of marketing ethics are
a.
philanthropic responsibilities.
b.
economic responsibilities.
c.
universally accepted behaviors.
d.
written as laws and regulations.
e.
included in the marketing code of ethics.
31. A business that contributes resources to the community to improve the quality of life is taking on a(n)
____ responsibility.
a.
ethical
b.
legal
c.
cost
d.
philanthropic
e.
economic
32. McDonald’s supports and funds Ronald McDonald houses for the families of terminally-ill children to
stay in to be near their loved ones. McDonald’s action demonstrates the fulfillment of ____
responsibility.
a.
legal
b.
society
c.
philanthropic
d.
economic
e.
ethical
33. The Transportation Division of the GE Corporation is located in a small city which has limited
economic growth at this time. Due to the condition of the local school system, GE contributed $2
million to repair and revive it, stating that GE believed in education for the community. This action
would imply that GE is in which level of the pyramid of social responsibility?
a.
ethical
b.
legal
c.
cost
d.
philanthropic
e.
economic
34. Actions that promote human health and welfare address the ____ dimension of the pyramid of social
responsibility.
a.
philanthropic
b.
legal
c.
ethical
d.
economic
e.
social
35. The practice of linking a firm’s product marketing to a particular social cause on an ongoing or short-
term basis is known as
a.
economic responsibility.
b.
social responsibility.
c.
ethical marketing.
d.
cause-related marketing.
e.
corporate benevolence.
36. If Starbucks were to donate 5 percent of every coffee purchase to shelters for victims of domestic
abuse for one month, this would be an example of
a.
strategic philanthropy.
b.
ethical responsibility.
c.
economic responsibility.
d.
green marketing.
e.
cause-related marketing.
37. Which of the following is the best definition of cause-related marketing?
a.
Linking a firm’s products to a particular social cause⎯either short term or long term
b.
Using organizational core competencies and resources to address stakeholders’ interests
and achieve organizational and social benefits
c.
Donating money to a social cause based on sales of a particular product over a defined
period of time
d.
Developing, promoting, and distributing products that are environmentally safe
e.
Contributing resources to the community in order to improve the overall quality of life
38. The close relationship of Home Depot’s philanthropic initiatives and its business goals is an example
of
a.
strategic philanthropy.
b.
strategic ethics.
c.
cause-related marketing.
d.
strategic marketing.
e.
environmental philanthropy.
39. Ben and Jerry’s has long been known for its focus on social responsibility, sustainability, and its
positive relationships with its employees. Additionally, when Ben and Jerry’s developed its long-term
strategy, it was sure to include philanthropic initiatives and their relationship with its business goals.
Which of the following would be the primary recipients of the benefits of Ben and Jerry’s focus on
strategic philanthropy?
a.
Ben and Jerry’s employees and investors
b.
Ben and Jerry’s company and society
c.
Ben and Jerry’s primary stakeholders
d.
Ben and Jerry’s management and company
e.
Society and communities
40. Which of the following is a primary difference between cause-related marketing and strategic
philanthropy?
a.
Cause-related marketing is short term only while strategic philanthropy is an ongoing
approach that lasts for years or even decades.
b.
Strategic philanthropy fulfills a firm’s primary social responsibilities while cause-related
marketing does not.
c.
Cause-related marketing is unlikely to have a positive effect on society while strategic
philanthropy always benefits society.
d.
Strategic philanthropy can take on both a financial and nonfinancial format while cause-
related marketing only involves financial contributions.
e.
Customers are likely to feel good about themselves when supporting a cause-related
marketing campaign but are unlikely to notice strategic philanthropy.
41. Which of the following is the best example of strategic philanthropy for Staples, the large office
supply chain?
a.
Donating money to help fight illiteracy of both adults and children
b.
Having employees volunteer at a charity of their choice two hours a week
c.
Giving a portion of its profits in August to support charter schools
d.
Offering discounts to large corporations on their office supplies
e.
Providing low-income families with school supplies and computer training
42. Which of the following refers to a firm’s specific development, pricing, promotion, and distribution of
products that do not harm the environment?
a.
Marketing ethics
b.
Social responsibility
c.
Environmental marketing
d.
Green marketing
e.
Conservation marketing
43. Products that may do harm to the natural environment are inconsistent with
a.
green marketing.
b.
the marketing concept.
c.
consumerism.
d.
strategic philanthropy.
e.
the marketing mix.
44. Which of the following is the best definition of green marketing?
a.
Using technology and human resources for marketing efforts designed to reduce waste
b.
Developing, pricing, promoting, and distributing products that do not harm the natural
environment
c.
Protecting the natural environment through the implementation of programs for
environmental cleanup
d.
Using only recycled materials in the production, distribution, and disposal of a company’s
products
e.
Meeting the criteria necessary to receive the European Eco-label through efforts designed
to protect the natural environment
45. L’Oreal, a manufacturer of personal care and beauty products has a focus on sustainability. It has
developed eco-packaging, eliminated many potentially harmful chemicals from its products, and has
improved its production systems to reduce waste. What major social responsibility issue is L’Oreal
addressing?
a.
The natural environment
b.
Consumerism
c.
Marketing ethics
d.
Legal obligations
e.
Community relations
46. StarKist Tuna has frequently extolled its dolphin-safe methods of catching tuna. This is an example of
a.
community relations.
b.
cause-related marketing
c.
sustainability marketing.
d.
strategic philanthropy.
e.
consumerism.
47. In Europe, companies can voluntarily apply for a designation to indicate that their product is less
harmful to the environment than competing products. This label is known as the
a.
Green Marketing Stamp.
b.
Eco-label.
c.
Forest Stewardship Seal.
d.
Better Product Project.
e.
Good Housekeeping Seal.
48. Which of the following is not one of the four objectives that environmentalists believe companies
should implement in order to sustain the natural environment?
a.
Eliminate the concept of waste.
b.
Reinvent the concept of a product.
c.
Force consumers to recycle products.
d.
Make prices reflect the true cost of a product.
e.
Make environmentalism profitable.
49. All of the following are goals of green marketing except
a.
including the color green in some part of the product or packaging.
b.
eliminating the concept of waste.
c.
reinventing the concept of a product.
d.
making prices reflect the cost.
e.
making environmentalism profitable.
50. Instead of addressing the question ____, many environmentalists and marketers believe the question
should be ____.
a.
“How can we reduce costs?”; “How can we keep prices low?”
b.
“Where should we dispose of waste?”; “How can we protect society?”
c.
“How can we make products better?”; “How can we reduce waste?”
d.
“How can environmentalism be profitable?”; “Where is the benefit of environmental
efforts?”
e.
“What should we do with our waste?”; “How can we produce products without waste?”
51. According to some environmentalists, what are the three types of products that all products should be
reduced to?
a.
Durable goods, natural resources, and unsalables
b.
Nondurable goods, durable goods, and consumables
c.
Consumables, durable goods, and unsalables
d.
Environmental goods, recyclables, and salables
e.
Permanents, temporaries, and renewable resources
52. Raleigh Wood Products produces hardwood flooring, paneling, and other furniture-grade components.
Raleigh Wood traditionally has ground up its wood waste to make mulch, however, it has been
brought to Raleigh’s attention that there are chemicals from the paint and coloring process that may be
harmful to the water table. Raleigh has now been looking for ways to use its wood waste other than in
mulch. Environmentalists would likely
a.
appreciate that Raleigh Wood uses its leftover product, but rather they find a way to
reduce waste altogether.
b.
encourage Raleigh Wood to find another process for coloring and painting.
c.
encourage the local government to levy a tax on Raleigh Wood for its contamination of the
water system.
d.
lobby against Raleigh Wood for its wasteful practices.
e.
encourage Raleigh Wood to find materials other than wood for its products.
53. As far as prices are concerned, environmentalists believe prices should
a.
be based on the cost of materials used to manufacture the product.
b.
reflect the direct cost as well as the cost of air, water, and soil used.
c.
be determined by the supply and demand of products in the marketplace.
d.
include a large tax to defray the costs of environmental compliance.
e.
be based on the renewability of the resources used to make the product.
54. What do environmentalists set as an objective for profitability?
a.
Companies should surpass the strictest environmental standards even if it negatively
affects profitability.
b.
Companies will never be profitable if they comply with environmental standards so
taxpayers must subsidize all production.
c.
Profitability should not be a concern when addressing issues of environmental importance.
d.
Environmentalism should be made profitable, and companies attempting to protect the
environment should not have to compete with those harming it in the marketplace.
e.
Companies will be more profitable if they work hard to protect the environment because
consumers will reward their efforts through loyalty.
55. Synergy Tech has a program that offers consumers money back for their old Synergy computers so
that the materials used to make the computer can be retained within a closed system. Which of the
primary environmental goals does Synergy’s program address?
a.
Eliminate the concept of waste.
b.
Reinvent the concept of a product.
c.
Make environmentalism profitable.
d.
Make prices reflect the cost.
e.
Create fewer durable goods.
56. Consumerism is
a.
the efforts of independent individuals, groups, and organizations to protect the rights of
consumers.
b.
President John F. Kennedy’s consumer bill of rights.
c.
marketers’ efforts to contribute to the satisfaction and growth of the communities in which
they operate.
d.
the right to be informed.
e.
the specific development, pricing, promotion, and distribution of products that do not
harm the environment.
57. Angela organized a boycott of a local restaurant because of the owner’s obvious prejudicial treatment
of Hispanics. Angela’s action would most likely be called
a.
lobbying.
b.
a public service announcement.
c.
the right to be informed.
d.
a social demonstration.
e.
consumerism.
58. Several mothers in Atlanta wanted to get the message to their city government that they were not
happy with the nutritional quality of the food the city’s school system served their children, especially
at the current cost for a lunch. One of the mothers suggested they organize a protest at City Hall to get
the lawmakers’ attention. Another mother in the group suggested they all use their smart phones to go
on Twitter and let others know the time and date of the protest. This small group was surprised at the
number of other parents who were equally concerned about the food program, and so this small group
decided to organize a flash mob. Over two hundred people showed up in a flash mob in front of City
Hall – many of them with signs and banners. These mothers and other individuals are engaging in
a.
a publicity stunt.
b.
their right to know.
c.
consumerism.
d.
lobbying.
e.
political action.
59. Who of the following is a famous consumer activist?
a.
Ralph Nader
b.
Upton Sinclair
c.
Benjamin Franklin
d.
Abraham Maslow
e.
Adam Smith
60. Who drafted the Consumer Bill of Rights?
a.
Bill Clinton
b.
John F. Kennedy
c.
Ralph Nader
d.
Ronald Reagan
e.
George W. Bush
61. The four basic rights outlined in the Consumer Bill of Rights include the right to safety, the right to be
heard, the right to
a.
inform, and the right be chosen.
b.
consumer education, and the right to honesty.
c.
choose, and the right to be informed.
d.
redress, and the right to choose.
e.
honesty, and the right to redress.
62. Product testing for reliability and quality helps to ensure a consumer’s right to
a.
be heard.
b.
be informed.
c.
choose.
d.
performance.
e.
safety.
63. Warnings on television commercials for prescription drugs include a list of sometimes grotesque side
effects that are possible when taking that particular drug. The consumer right to ____ most applies to
these commercials.
a.
know
b.
safety
c.
be heard
d.
choose
e.
be informed
64. According to President Kennedy’s consumer bill of rights, the right to choose means that
a.
consumers’ interests will receive full and sympathetic consideration in the formulation of
government policy.
b.
consumers should have access to a variety of products and services at competitive prices.
c.
consumers should have access to and the opportunity to review all relevant information
about a product before buying it.
d.
marketers have an obligation not to knowingly market a product that could harm
consumers.
e.
consumers should be able to buy products at prices they are willing to pay.
65. Sharese wants to buy a new couch, but there is only one place in her town that sells them, and she lives
in an isolated area. Sharese most likely feels her consumer right to ____ has been violated.
a.
choose
b.
be heard
c.
safety
d.
recourse
e.
be informed
66. According to the consumer bill of rights, the idea that consumers’ interests should receive full and
sympathetic consideration in the formulation of government policy is known as the right to
a.
be heard.
b.
choose.
c.
be informed.
d.
safety.
e.
listen.
67. How would marketers most likely benefit from the consumer’s right to be heard?
a.
Consumers will also tell others about their bad experience with the company.
b.
The company can use the information to make its products better.
c.
They gain valuable information about their competitors.
d.
Consumers are more loyal to companies who have wronged them.
e.
More information about the products can be posted online.
68. According to the consumer bill of rights, the right to be informed means that
a.
consumers’ interests will receive full and sympathetic consideration in the formulation of
government policy.
b.
consumers should have access to a variety of goods and services at competitive prices.
c.
consumers should have access to and the opportunity to review all relevant information
about a product before buying it.
d.
marketers have an obligation not to knowingly market a product that could harm
consumers.
e.
consumers should be told when the quality of a product has changed.
69. Target’s Take Charge of Education program donates 1 percent of a customer’s total purchase to the
school of his or her choice. What social responsibility issue does this program address?
a.
Consumerism
b.
Marketing ethics
c.
Community relations
d.
The natural environment
e.
Promotion
70. Various stakeholders and ____ determine the acceptable standards of conduct involving ethics.
a.
the organizations’ ethical climate
b.
the federal government
c.
various self-regulating bodies
d.
governmental agencies
e.
the industry leaders’ ethics
71. Ethical standards for acceptable conduct for a company should
a.
be clearly dictated by top management and enforced by all management staff.
b.
consider only the point of view of the customers and the employees.
c.
reflect the desires of the company’s employees for a quality working environment.
d.
be based on company, industry, government, customer, and society viewpoints.
e.
be derived from federal, state, and local laws and regulatory agencies.
72. When is the best time to deal with marketing exchange problems concerning ethics?
a.
Right before the problem is made public
b.
After the problem has received extensive media attention
c.
Immediately after the problem is discovered
d.
When lawsuits are brought against the company
e.
During the strategic planning process
73. The boundary between legal and ethical issues is
a.
clearly distinguished.
b.
blurred.
c.
nonexistent.
d.
determined by the courts.
e.
determined by marketing managers.
74. A marketing ethics issue likely exists when
a.
company members disagree about a marketing decision.
b.
an activity does not benefit the organization but benefits the environment.
c.
an activity results in increased prices for the consumer.
d.
a consumer is dissatisfied with a marketing decision.
e.
an individual or organization must choose from among several actions that must be
evaluated as right or wrong.
75. Reese has recently joined PharmaTec, a large pharmaceutical firm, as a sales representative. During
his interview, he was surprised that no one wanted to talk about why the previous sales rep suddenly
left the company. However, today he has just been “briefed” on the recent lawsuit one of the
physician’s has filed against PharmaTec concerning the lack of information he received from the
company about the negative effects of one of its cholesterol drugs. Reese’s sales manager has
demanded that if he comes across any documentation in the former sales representative’s office about
visits with the physician, that Reece is to not say anything to anyone and notify the manager
immediately. Reese certainly doesn’t want to jeopardize his new, and potentially profitable, job. He
has identified four possible courses of action he could take. He knows he should evaluate each
possible action with which of the following criteria in order to choose the one most appropriate?
a.
its level of positive or negative impact on PharmaTec’s reputation
b.
its potential to increase (or decrease) PharmaTec’s profit
c.
whether the action is inherently right or wrong
d.
whether he will be appreciated or unappreciated by his coworkers afterward
e.
whether it will be courageous or cowardly on his part
76. An ethical issue is
a.
likely to arise when an employee’s moral philosophy is consistent with the organization’s
expectations of the employee’s behavior.
b.
an identifiable problem, situation, or opportunity requiring an individual to choose from
among several actions that must be evaluated as right or wrong.
c.
most often found in personal selling situations.
d.
easily resolved by consulting written laws and regulations.
e.
characterized by a blatant disregard for human rights and equality.
77. ____ ethical issues generally surface when companies fail to disclose risks associated with a product or
information regarding its function, value, or use.
a.
Promotion-related
b.
Distribution
c.
Corporate
d.
Product-related
e.
Safety
78. Product-related ethical issues arise when marketers
a.
provide consumers with inadequate information about how a product is priced.
b.
force channel intermediaries to behave in a specific manner.
c.
bribe salespeople to push one product over another.
d.
fail to disclose information to consumers about the risks associated with using a product.
e.
manufacture a product that is very similar to a competing product.
79. Bridgewater, Inc. produces its industrial components in several developing countries outside the
United States. The majority of Bridgewater’s customers are in the U.S. and Canada. One of
Bridgewater’s customers is Craft Care, who uses Bridgewater components in the production of child
car seats. Recently, there was a recall of Craft Care’s car seats due to serious injuries, which the
company has traced back to Bridgewater’s components. If Bridgewater knew about the faulty
components, but failed to notify Craft Care, it would have been engaging in unethical behavior with
regard to which of the following marketing issue areas?
a.
planning and strategy
b.
distribution-related
c.
promotion-related
d.
product-related
e.
quality-related
80. Suppose that Proctor and Gamble introduced a new, larger-sized can of Pringle’s potato chips using
the words “new size” on the label. However, in actuality, the can is larger while the contents are
slightly smaller. The correct weight is printed on the can. In this case, a ____ ethical issue exists.
a.
decision-making
b.
promotion-related
c.
product-related
d.
pricing-related
e.
distribution-related
81. Beth is responsible for the product line of Avenger Transformer action figures. In testing her firm’s
new TV ads, Beth discovers some children think many of the toys can actually fly. Beth knows that
there are only a few children in the groups aged 3 to 5 that believe this, so she decides to use children
over age 5 as her target market. Since the ads will be shown on programs that have her target market
as its viewers, Beth decides to include a statement “figures do not actually fly” on the bottom of the
screen. However, she still faces an ethical decision regarding which element(s) of the marketing mix?
a.
Product-related
b.
The right to know
c.
Performance-related
d.
Promotion-related
e.
Strategy-related
82. A cereal company advertises that its newly launched product can lower cholesterol although the
company cannot provide evidence to substantiate this claim. This situation involves an ethical issue
related to which element of the marketing mix?
a.
Product
b.
Pricing
c.
Promotion
d.
Distribution
e.
Production
83. When a purchasing agent for Intel is offered a bribe by a silicon manufacturer salesperson,
a.
a promotion-related ethical issue has been created.
b.
the purchasing agent is free to accept the bribe without consequences.
c.
an ethical issue primarily related to the pricing of products exists.
d.
there is an ethical dilemma for the purchasing agent that is product related.
e.
no ethical issue exists under these circumstances.